Antibiotic resistance as a global threat: Evidence from China, Kuwait and the United States

Zhang, Ruifang; Eggleston, Karen; Rotimi, Vincent O.; Zeckhauser, Richard

doi:10.1186/1744-8603-2-6

Cited by 208 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Decreased susceptibility was also found in Europe (1). In China, it was reported that the percentage of ciprofloxacin resistance rose from 2% in 1994 to 18% in 2000 (25). However, a higher percentage of ciprofloxacin resistance was found in this study.…”

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confidence: 54%

Alteration of GyrA Amino Acid Required for Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in China

Guo

et al. 2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 111 (48.1%) isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from China. GyrA alterations were identified in the ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates. The results, including previously published data, indicate that the single substitution Ser833Ile and three types of double mutations at Ser83 and Asp87 were required for ciprofloxacin resistance (P < 0.05).Resistance to fluoroquinolones is increasing in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones in the Enterobacteriaceae have been shown to be due primarily to alterations in gyrA, which encodes DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase (1, 4). The mutations are localized in an area named as the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) (24). DNA sequencing of the GyrA QRDR in clinical isolates showed some alterations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in K. pneumoniae (8,11,24).In this paper, 231 consecutive, nonrepetitive isolates of K.

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confidence: 54%

Alteration of GyrA Amino Acid Required for Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in China

Guo

et al. 2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The high proportion of highly antimicrobial-resistant pneumococcal isolates recovered is consistent with common prior antibiotic use within the general area serviced by this hospital. Antibiotics are widely available without prescription in China (Yao et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2006), so it is likely that antibiotic-susceptible strains were under-represented in our survey. It is also likely that many of the specimens were collected after antibiotics were given to the patients in the hospital.…”

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Characterization of highly antimicrobial-resistant clinical pneumococcal isolates recovered in a Chinese hospital during 2009–2010

Gertz

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Ninety-one consecutive pneumococcal isolates (primarily from sputum), recovered in Chongqing Southwest Hospital during a 12 month period in 2009-2010 from individuals of all ages with suspected cases of pneumococcal disease, were subjected to PCR-serotyping, Quellung reaction serotyping, antimicrobial-susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Although 20 different serotypes were observed, most isolates (69, 75.8 %) were of serotypes included in the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), including 33 of the 46 (71.7 %) isolates recovered from individuals less than 5 years of age. The prevalent serotypes were 19F (34 %), 19A (9.9 %), 6B (9.9 %), 23F (7.7 %), 14 (6.6 %) and 6A (4.4 %). PCR-determined serotypes were in agreement with Quellung testing, with the exception of two serotype 33C isolates. Most or all isolates within each PCV13 serotype were represented by one genotype, with the globally disseminated MLST sequence types (STs) ST271, ST320, ST90 and ST81 each accounting for the highly resistant isolates within serotypes 19F, 19A, 6B and 23F, respectively. Sixty-six (72.5 %) isolates were resistant to combinations of b-lactam antibiotics (BLAs). A total of 63 of these 66 (95.5 %) BLA-resistant isolates were of serotypes included in PCV13; however, 3 serogroup 15 isolates were also BLA-resistant. Most isolates (88/91596.7 %) were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. The majority of isolates were also resistant to tetracycline (76, 84 %) and to cotrimoxazole (67, 74 %). This work revealed that the majority of antimicrobial-resistant isolates (50/91554.9 %) recovered in this Chinese hospital were represented by four global clones. Serotypes for these as well as more obscure strains were readily determined by using PCR.

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“…In the developing countries nowadays multiple antibiotic resistance have been observed among important pathogens viz., Escherichia coli; MRSA, VREF; Klebsiella; Vibrio etc (Bozdogan et al, 2003;Byarugaba, 2004;Soulsby, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006). Uncontrolled and widespread application of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicines is equally responsible for increase in prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, and emergence of new antimicrobial resistant pathogenic strains of various infectious agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Etiology of Skin and Wound Infections along with Antibiogram Profiling in Reference to Emerging Antibiotic Resistance in Animals

Tiwari¹,

Yadav²,

Singh³

et al. 2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| The present study demonstrated bacterial etiology of skin affections and their antibiogram profiling of different animal species of various age groups. A total of 255 samples from cattle, buffalo, dogs, goats, sheep, camel and horses were collected over a period of two years (2012)(2013)(2014) from Mathura, (U.P.) India, and nearby surrounding areas. Clinical samples were collected from variety of skin disorders, subjected to laboratory isolation and identification as per standard protocols. The bacterial infection, Staphylococcus aureus, was the most common isolate (36.22 %), followed by E. coli (34.59 %), Pseudomonas (20.54), Bacillus (16.21), Klebsiella (12.43), Micrococcus spp (8.11 %), Streptococcus pyogens (7.56), Proteus (6.49), Clostridium (3.78), Gram negative non-lactose fermenter (2.7%), Gram positive non-spore producing bacilli (2.16) and Fusobacterium (0.54 %). Bacterial isolates obtained were subjected to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing by disc diffusion method against 23 commercially available antimicrobial discs. Results of the current study revealed maximum sensitivity to gatifloxacin (94.03%), amikacin (85.7%), mild sensitivity to sparfloxacin (44.85%) and gentamicin (43.48%); emergence of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli appeared to be an important finding. Present study is intended to document the complex microbial inhabitants of wounds from animals and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and strongly recommended the use of antimicrobial sensitivity testing to know the rapidly changing pattern of antibiotic activity. The study will further aid to the existing literature for planning new alternative therapeutic strategies against rising global health havoc of multidrug resistance.

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Antibiotic resistance as a global threat: Evidence from China, Kuwait and the United States

Cited by 208 publications

References 23 publications

Alteration of GyrA Amino Acid Required for Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in China

Alteration of GyrA Amino Acid Required for Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in China

Characterization of highly antimicrobial-resistant clinical pneumococcal isolates recovered in a Chinese hospital during 2009–2010

Bacterial Etiology of Skin and Wound Infections along with Antibiogram Profiling in Reference to Emerging Antibiotic Resistance in Animals

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