Antibiotic Resistance as a Virulence Factor of Opportunistic Microorganisms

Gordinskaya, Nа; Борискина, Е. В.; Kryazhev, D.V.

doi:10.35627/10.35627/2219-5238/2021-337-4-50-56

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…Микроорганизмы, проявляющие множественную и экстремальную резистентность к АМП, выходят на лидирующие позиции среди возбудителей основных нозологических форм ИСМП в отделениях хирургии и реанимации [9,10]. В связи с пандемическим распространением штаммов, имеющих генетические детерминанты устойчивости к АМП и способных к их передаче среди возбудителей ИСМП, ситуация приобретает угрожающий характер [1,8,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Optimization Of Monitoring Of Nosocomial Infections In Hospi...unclassified

Optimization of Monitoring of Nosocomial Infections in Hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Khabalova¹,

Lyalina²,

La³

et al. 2023

PH&LE

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Introduction: Optimization of epidemiological and microbiological monitoring of nosocomial infections at the regional level will contribute to limiting circulation and spread of pathogens and improving preventive measures on the territory of the Russian Federation. Objective: To determine directions of optimization of epidemiological and microbiological monitoring of healthcare-associated infections in surgery departments and intensive care units of hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of nosocomial infections and results of microbiological monitoring conducted in surgery departments and intensive care units of ten multidisciplinary hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania in 2015–2019. We also examined data on evaluation of preventive measures, infection control, and compliance with criteria of internal quality control and safety in health care. Results: According to the results of routine surveillance and specially organized epidemiological and microbiological monitoring, the incidence rates of healthcare-associated infections were 0.85 and 26.4 per 1,000 inpatients in surgery departments and intensive care units of hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, respectively. The incidence rates of certain types of nosocomial infections were statistically different (p ≤ 0.05) depending on the type of monitoring (routine/optimized): surgical site infections – 15.9/132.8 per 1,000 surgeries, catheter-associated urinary tract infections – 8.5/69.4 per 1,000 catheter days, central line-associated bloodstream infections – 7.74/89.12 per 1,000 catheter days, and ventilator-associated pneumonia – 8.12/39.74 per 1,000 ventilator days. K. pneumoniae strains isolated from surgery and intensive care patients and exhibiting extreme resistance to antimicrobial drugs belong to sequence type 1082, possess a high pandemic potential, and are widespread in many countries. According to the results of assessing compliance with the criteria of internal quality control and safety of health care, only three of ten hospitals in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania had the compliance rate ≥ 70 %. As for the readiness for infection prevention and control in surgery departments and intensive care units, 60 % of the hospitals demonstrated a basic level and 40 % – an intermediate level of measures taken. Conclusions: Optimization of approaches to tracing healthcare-associated infections in the hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania helped establish that actual incidence rates of nosocomial infections were on the average 26.4 times higher than those officially registered based on the results of routine surveillance.

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Section: Optimization Of Monitoring Of Nosocomial Infections In Hospi...unclassified

Optimization of Monitoring of Nosocomial Infections in Hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Khabalova¹,

Lyalina²,

La³

et al. 2023

PH&LE

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Biochemical Basis of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quinazolinone Derivatives in the Light of Insights Into the Features of the Chemical Structure and Ways of Binding to Target Molecules. A Review

Samotruyeva,

Starikova,

Bashkina

et al. 2023

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Himiâ, nauki o materialah.

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The review characterizes the role of the main targets of antibacterial agents: “efflux pumps”; enzymes (DNA-hyruases as a subclass of topoisomerases, homoserine transacetylase, various classes of sorbitases, aromatics, lipoteichoyl synthase, polyketide synthase, pantothenate synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, sensory histidine kinase, kinase, cyclooxygenase, etc.); penicillin-binding protein; quorum signaling and adhesin systems in important biochemical processes of pathogen maintenance and virulence manifestation. The possibility of manifestation of antimicrobial effect by the substance upon its binding to the protein molecules responsible for pathogenicity of a microorganism was shown. The role of quinazolinone derivatives exhibiting high reactivity, stability in chemical processes and characterized by a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity including antimicrobial activity with respect to various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined. It has been shown that changes in the compound structure through the introduction of different substituents modify the degree of hydrophilicity and, as a result, determine a different degree of drug penetration through the cell membrane; the ability to form intermediate complex compounds stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals and stacking interactions with enzymatic targets as well as receptor-regulator proteins and signaling systems of pathogen cells. The results on prediction of the mechanism of action of the compounds synthesized by the authors of the article by methods of mathematical modeling are presented. The possibility of creating combined structures based on the quinazolinone core with various heterocyclic derivatives as a product with a pronounced antimicrobial activity is assessed. The considered regularities are of practical importance for the specialists in the field of medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, biotechnology, clinical pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry and technology whose efforts are aimed at obtaining a new drug substance.

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Results of Epidemiological and Microbiological Monitoring of Healthcare- Associated Infections in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Khabalova¹,

Lyalina²,

La³

2022

PH&LE

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Introduction: The complex of exogenous and endogenous risk factors in multidisciplinary hospitals creates conditions for the development of nosocomial infections induced by ESKAPE pathogens. Objective: To establish epidemiological features and etiological significance of antibiotic resistant strains of the leading pathogens inducing hospital-acquired infections and to determine their prevalence in multidisciplinary clinics of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. Materials and methods: We analyzed the incidence of nosocomial infections and results of the microbiological monitoring of antimicrobial drug resistance in leading pathogens for the years 2012–2021. Detection of genes encoding the production of metallo-β-lactamases was performed in P. aeruginosa strains, extended-spectrum β-lactamases and PFGE profiles of E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains. Results: In the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, the average long-term incidence rate of hospital-acquired infections in the study period was 0.74 per 1,000 inpatients. We established that 44.2 % of all such cases were diagnosed in surgical departments, 32.4 % – in maternity departments, 6.6 % – in pediatric departments, and 16.8 % – in other clinical departments. The average long-term incidence rate of nosocomial infections was the highest (0.85 per 1,000 patients) in departments of surgery, the most prevalent being surgical and injection site infections, lower respiratory tract and urinary tract infections. The leading pathogens in the etiological structure were Enterobacteriaceae spp., P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. The incidence rates estimated based on microbiological monitoring results were on average 2.5 times higher than those registered within the routine surveillance system. Conclusions: Incidence rates of healthcare-associated infections in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania are comparable to those in the Russian Federation. Patients of surgery departments are at higher risk for nosocomial infections. Optimization of preventive measures requires a risk-based approach that takes into account in-depth microbiological monitoring data on the most common pathogens resistant to drugs of choice in local hospitals.

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Antibiotic Resistance as a Virulence Factor of Opportunistic Microorganisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Optimization of Monitoring of Nosocomial Infections in Hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Optimization of Monitoring of Nosocomial Infections in Hospitals of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Biochemical Basis of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quinazolinone Derivatives in the Light of Insights Into the Features of the Chemical Structure and Ways of Binding to Target Molecules. A Review

Results of Epidemiological and Microbiological Monitoring of Healthcare- Associated Infections in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

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