Antibiotic Resistance in Acute Postoperative Endophthalmitis

A prospective multicentre randomized placebo‐controlled superiority trial in patients with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery on the adjuvant use of intravitreal dexamethasone to intravitreal antibiotics

“…Gentamicin is preferred over ceftazidime in the empiric setting because of its synergetic effect with vancomycin on the most frequently encountered Gram-positive bacteria (Gan et al 2001(Gan et al , 2005bCottagnoud et al 2002). Recent reports on microbial sensitivity to antibiotics in endophthalmitis after cataract surgery support the choices in antibiotics made in 2003 (Gentile et al 2014;Holland et al 2014;Gower et al 2015). Second, in all patients, including those presenting with LP only, we simply performed vitreous biopsy and not core vitrectomy, because we chose not to exclude patients where iris detail was not visible or whose cornea was not sufficiently clear to allow vitrectomy (as in the EVS).…”

Antibiotic Resistance Among Pediatric-Sourced Ocular Pathogens: 8-Year Findings From the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) Surveillance Study

“…1,5–7 Common bacterial conjunctivitis pathogens in children include Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae and less frequently, Moraxella catarrhalis , 8–12 with S. aureus and S. epidermidis considered causative when present above quantitative thresholds. 13–20 Before initiating antibacterial therapy in any eye infection, identification of the causative bacterium along with its corresponding antibiotic resistance profile is ideal for guiding therapy. However, in real-world clinical practice, the utility of culture and sensitivity testing is lessened because of the delay involved in getting results.…”

Mitochondria mediates caspase-dependent and independent retinal cell death in Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis

“… 42 Clinical studies have shown that patients with S. aureus endophthalmitis are most likely to have severe vision loss, whereas endophthalmitis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci are generally milder and have a better outcome. 43 In the past 5 years, studies from our laboratory have extensively investigated host–pathogen interactions in staphylococcal endophthalmitis. 13 , 14 , 26 , 44 , 45 The increased severity of S. aureus endophthalmitis has been attributed to the ability of S. aureus to produce a wide range of virulence factors including extracellular and cell wall-associated proteins, which interact in multiple ways with retinal cells.…”