Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Subgingival Plaque in a Norwegian Population with Refractory Marginal Periodontitis

Abstract

The prevalence of ␤-lactamase-producing bacteria in subgingival plaque from patients with refractory periodontitis in Norway was assessed by the chromogenic nitrocefin method. ␤-Lactamase activity was detected in 68% of the patients. Enzyme-producing strains belonged predominantly to the genus Prevotella; others were staphylococci, enteric gram-negative rods, and Bacillus spp.

Antimicrobial Resistance and β-Lactamase Production of Clinical Isolates of <i>Prevotella </i>and <i>Porphyromonas</i> Species

“…Our evaluation of bacteria in dental abscesses, determined as 100% for P. gingivalis and P. denticola , 63% for P. melaninogenica and 6% for P. asaccharolytica , was similar to previous studies on the distribution of Prevotella and Porphyromonas species in subgingival plaque and of P. denticola, P. gingivalis and P. loescheii in obstructive dental abscesses [22,23] .…”

“…In this study, we found a clindamycin resistance of 5.5%, which was found in 2 strains of P. melaninogenica with the highest MIC 50 and MIC 90 values, in 1 strain of P. intermedia and in 1 strain of P. bivia, although Handal et al [22] reported from Norway a 100% clindamycin susceptibility for all the Prevotella strains isolated from the dental plaque of patients with marginal periodontitis. The reported MIC values of ampicillin + sulbactam determined for Prevotella and Porphyromonas species varied among studies.…”

“…In our study, 34.7% of black-pigmented Prevotella and 37.5% of nonpigmented Prevotella produced ␤ -lactamase. We think that although the ratio of our ␤ -lactamase-producing strains was evaluated, this ratio could have been changed according to the genetic heterogeneity of the P. intermedia and P. melaninogenica strains, the overgrowth of the resistant clones during the antibiotic therapy and the acquisition of the resistance gene by transfer and mutation [22] . The incidence of ␤ -lactamase-producing strains was not related to the type of infection examined.…”

Clonal diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from endodontic infections

“…However, the emergence of a higher percentage of resistant E. faecalis strains has also been reported in previous studies [7,34]. In general, a significant increase in antimicrobial resistance is observed in the oral microflora, particularly in bacteria associated with periodontal diseases [35,36,37]. It is believed that the wide use of tetracyclines has led to the spread of resistance determinants, such as in the treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis and respiratory tract infections [38,39].…”

Periodontal Disease and Gingival Innate Immunity – Who Has the Upper Hand?

“…Recently, a sub-antimicrobial dose doxycyline has been introduced where low doses are given to block matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which are capable of degrading extracellular matrix proteins (Tuter, Kurtis et al 2007;Payne, Golub et al 2011). Yet, antibiotic treatment for periodontal disease still poses a risk of developing antibiotic-resistant periodontal bacteria in the subgingival plaque (van Winkelhoff, Herrera Gonzales et al 2000;Handal, Caugant et al 2003;Maestre, Bascones et al 2007;Ardila, Granada et al 2010). AMPs have several advantages as therapeutics, including the broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and do not appear to induce antibiotic resistance.…”