Antibiotic Resistance in Canada at the Dawn of the New Millennium ‐‐ A Model for the Developed World?

Conly, John; Johnston, BL

doi:10.1155/2000/949584

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…viral upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, asthma, allergies and influenza) [47]. The high percentage of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions is a common finding across the literature [67][68][69][70][71]. In Europe, antibiotic use is the highest in hospital settings and constitutes 30%-40% of inpatient medication prescriptions [72].…”

Section: Antibiotic Uses In Human Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Transmission in Low- and Middle-Income Countries from a “One Health” Perspective—A Review

et al. 2020

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Antibiotic resistance is an ecosystem problem threatening the interrelated human-animal-environment health under the “One Health” framework. Resistant bacteria arising in one geographical area can spread via cross-reservoir transmission to other areas worldwide either by direct exposure or through the food chain and the environment. Drivers of antibiotic resistance are complex and multi-sectoral particularly in Lower- and Middle-income countries. These include inappropriate socio-ecological behaviors; poverty; overcrowding; lack of surveillance systems; food supply chain safety issues; highly contaminated waste effluents; and loose rules and regulations. In order to examine the drivers of antibiotic resistance from a “one health” perspective, a literature review was conducted on three databases including PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. A total of 485 studies of potential relevance were selected, out of which 182 were included in this review. Results have shown that the aforementioned market failures are the leading cause for the negative externality of antibiotic resistance that extends in scope from the individual to the global ecosystem. Incremental and sustainable global actions can make the change, however, the problem will continue to prevail if governments do not prioritize the “One health” approach and if individual’s accountability is still denied in a world struggling with profound socio-economic problems.

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Section: Antibiotic Uses In Human Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Transmission in Low- and Middle-Income Countries from a “One Health” Perspective—A Review

et al. 2020

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“…In the late 1960s and 1970s, the prevalence of MRSA was less than 5% in most hospital settings worldwide, but increased in the 1990s to as high as 40% in several hospitals in the United States and Europe (4,5). Although the emergence of MRSA in Canada has been slower than in the United States, with the first isolate not being reported until 1981 (6), the pathogen is now commonly encountered in Canadian health care facilities (7). The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) has reported an increase in MRSA incidence from 1% (a mean of 0.46 cases per 1000 admissions) in 1995 to approximately 8% (5.3 cases per 1000 admissions) in 2000 (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Costs and Consequences of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Treatments in Canada

Rosner¹,

Becker²,

Wong³

et al. 2004

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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BACKGROUND: A multinational randomized controlled trial has shown a trend toward early discharge of patients taking oral linezolid versus intravenous vancomycin (IV) in the treatment of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infections. Infection treatments resulting in shorter hospitalization durations are associated with cost savings from the hospital perspective.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether similar economic advantages are associated with oral linezolid, the costs and consequences of linezolid use following vancomycin IV versus the existing practice in the treatment of infections caused by MRSA were compared.METHODS: The charts of all patients admitted to one of three tertiary care teaching hospitals between January 1, 1997 and August 31, 2000 and treated with vancomycin IV for an active MRSA infection (skin and soft tissue only) were reviewed. Based on the vancomycin IV chart review data set and a simulated linezolid data set, the clinical consequences and the associated costs of MRSA treatment with vancomycin IV, and oral and IV forms of linezolid were quantified and compared within the framework of a cost-consequence analysis.RESULTS: Patients treated with oral and IV forms of linezolid compared with the existing practice had a shorter length of stay and required fewer home IV care services, which resulted in a cost savings of $750 (2001 values) to the Canadian health care perspective.CONCLUSIONS: The estimated cost savings associated with linezolid use not only offset the higher acquisition cost of the anti-infective, but may be substantial to health care systems across Canada, especially as the incidence of MRSA continues to rise.

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“…A ntibiotic resistance is of growing importance to health care systems worldwide, and Canada is no exception (1). Due to the serious nature of emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the limited therapeutic options available to treat them, infections caused by these organisms may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality (2-4) compared with those caused by drug-sensitive organisms, and pose an increasing economic burden to health care systems (5).…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the serious nature of emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the limited therapeutic options available to treat them, infections caused by these organisms may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality (2-4) compared with those caused by drug-sensitive organisms, and pose an increasing economic burden to health care systems (5). Among the resistant organisms, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasingly being encountered in Canadian health care facilities (1). Although the first report of an MRSA isolate in Canada was in 1981 (6), only occasional reports followed.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Analysis of Practice Patterns in the Treatment of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections at Three Canadian Tertiary Care Centres

Conly

Stiver

Weiss

et al. 2003

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Antibiotic Resistance in Canada at the Dawn of the New Millennium ‐‐ A Model for the Developed World?

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Transmission in Low- and Middle-Income Countries from a “One Health” Perspective—A Review

Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Transmission in Low- and Middle-Income Countries from a “One Health” Perspective—A Review

The Costs and Consequences of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Treatments in Canada

A Retrospective Analysis of Practice Patterns in the Treatment of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections at Three Canadian Tertiary Care Centres

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