Antibiotic resistance in chronic respiratory diseases: from susceptibility testing to the resistome

Pailhoriès, Hélène; Herrmann, Jean-Louis; Velo‐Suárez, Lourdes; Lamoureux, Claudie; Burgel, Pierre‐Régis; Héry-Arnaud, Geneviève

doi:10.1183/16000617.0259-2021

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The respiratory resistome appears to be stable over time, even during exacerbations. Similar findings were observed in cystic fibrosis [ 103 ], supporting the hypothesis that the use of antibiotics had a minor effect on the respiratory microbiome and the changes in microbiome composition may be more related to a complex long-term process [ 104 ]. Moreover, the resistome profile may also be related to poor clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis, such as exacerbation frequency and lung function.…”

Section: Bronchiectasissupporting

confidence: 76%

ERS International Congress 2022: highlights from the Airway Diseases Assembly

et al. 2023

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The European Respiratory Society (ERS) celebrated the return of an in-person meeting in Barcelona, Spain, after two years of virtual congresses. The congress programme was replete with symposia, skills workshops and abstract presentations from all 14 assemblies, encompassing over 3000 abstracts presented in the form of thematic poster discussion and oral presentations. In this article, highlights from this year's congress (including that from thematic poster sessions, oral presentations and symposia from keynote speakers), presented by Assembly 5: Airway diseases, Asthma, COPD and Chronic Cough, are reviewed by Early Career Members and experts in the field, with the aim of presenting key recent findings in the field.

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Section: Bronchiectasissupporting

confidence: 76%

ERS International Congress 2022: highlights from the Airway Diseases Assembly

et al. 2023

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“…The interaction of these mechanisms leads to changes in the composition of the microbiome in the lungs, with some anti‐inflammatory commensal flora being inhibited and pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , expanding 100 . The overuse of antibiotics also changes the diversity of the lung microbiome 101 . For example, beta‐lactam antibiotic exposure is strongly associated with reduced microbial diversity in the lung, 102 and macrolides can promote displacement of Haemophilus influenzae by P. aeruginosa 103 …”

Section: Alterations In the Microbiome As A Results Of Exposure To Ri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 100 The overuse of antibiotics also changes the diversity of the lung microbiome. 101 For example, beta‐lactam antibiotic exposure is strongly associated with reduced microbial diversity in the lung, 102 and macrolides can promote displacement of Haemophilus influenzae by P. aeruginosa . 103 …”

Section: Alterations In the Microbiome As A Results Of Exposure To Ri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Zhu

Chang

2023

Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Developments in next-generation sequencing technology have improved microbiome analysis, which is increasingly recognized as an important component of disease management. Similar to the gut, the lung is a biosphere containing billions of microbial communities. The lung microbiome plays an important role in regulating and maintaining the host immune system. The microbiome composition, metabolites of microorganisms, and the interactions between the lung microbiome and the host immunity profoundly affect the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of COPD. In this review, we drew comparisons between the lung microbiome of healthy individuals and that of patients with COPD. Furthermore, we summarize the intrinsic interactions between the host and the overall lung microbiome, focusing on the underlying mechanisms linking the microbiome to the host innate and adaptive immune response pathways. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using the microbiome as a biomarker to determine the stage and prognosis of COPD and the feasibility of developing a novel, safe, and effective therapeutic target. K E Y W O R D S adaptive immune response, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, innate immune response, microbiome Highlights• The lung microbiome of healthy individuals is compared to that of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). • The role of the lung microbiome in the pathogenesis of COPD and host immune alterations is discussed. • The most representative studies are presented for accuracy and comprehensiveness. | INTRODUCTIONChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable chronic lung disease that poses a substantial burden on global health and the economy. According to the results of a 27-year global cohort study published in The Lancet, the top three causes of death worldwide in 2017 were cardiovascular disease (31.8% of all death causes), cancer (17.1% of all death causes), and chronic respiratory

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“…These pathogens share common niches with commensals, which in turn provide colonization resistance against pathogens. However, commensals can also serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that can readily be transferred to pathogens [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The landscape of antibiotic resistance genes in the nasopharynx of preterm infants: Prolonged signature of hospitalization and effects by antibiotics

Dhariwal

Rajar

Salvadori

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Respiratory infections caused by common pathogens that colonize the respiratory tract, including the nasopharynx, are a leading global cause of deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance. Yet, little is known about the antibiotic resistance determinants in the microbial communities of the respiratory tract. In this study, we examined the development of the resistome (collection of antibiotic resistance genes) in the nasopharynx of preterm infants and the impact of early ampicillin plus gentamicin exposure in those requiring broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for suspected early-onset neonatal sepsis. We analyzed the resistome of 181 nasopharyngeal samples collected longitudinally from 36 preterm infants using deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes were found in most samples (~95%) of both naive and antibiotic-treated infants. We observed a significant increase in the diversity and total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes primarily immediately after early antibiotic therapy. The nasopharyngeal resistome in preterm infants was mainly driven by the microbiome (r = 0.85, p-value = 0.001), with inter-individual differences explaining most of the variation observed in the resistome composition (R2= 30.03%, adjusted p-value = 0.001). We also noted a discernible impact of prenatal maternal antibiotic exposure on the overall resistome composition (R2= 3.6%, adjusted p-value = 0.001), which was observed as a subgroup within the antibiotic-treated group. Overall, these data suggest that the nasopharynx in preterm infants is characterized by a rich resistome with a trajectory that is negatively affected by antibiotics. Although the effects appear to be transient, any adverse changes in resistome during the first days of life bear risks, particularly those selecting for drug resistant colonizers with the potential to spread and cause invasive infections.

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Antibiotic resistance in chronic respiratory diseases: from susceptibility testing to the resistome

Cited by 16 publications

References 92 publications

ERS International Congress 2022: highlights from the Airway Diseases Assembly

ERS International Congress 2022: highlights from the Airway Diseases Assembly

Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The landscape of antibiotic resistance genes in the nasopharynx of preterm infants: Prolonged signature of hospitalization and effects by antibiotics

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