Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries

Am, Shibl; Memish, Ziad A.; Osoba, Abimbola O.

doi:10.1080/1120009x.2001.11782327

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Information on infection epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns is a critical means to help physicians empirically treat life-threatening infectious illnesses. Several studies reported a correlation between increasing the AMR rate and increasing antibiotic use [4,[11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles for Different Isolates in Aden, Yemen: A Cross‐Sectional Study in a Resource‐Poor Setting

Badulla

Alshakka

Ibrahim

2020

BioMed Research International

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Background. There is a rapid deterioration in the effectiveness of antibiotics due to the global prevalence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR can cause an increase in mortality and morbidity due to treatment failures and a lack of effective therapy. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the AMR pattern of different bacterial isolates at hospitals and laboratories. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study from March 2019 to June 2019 was conducted at different governmental and private hospitals and laboratories in Aden, Yemen. Age, sex, specimen type, bacterial isolates, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern were collected using a data extraction sheet. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Result. Data were recorded for 412 patients from whom 20 clinical specimens were collected and analyzed. The most common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus spp. (n=172, 41.74%), E. coli (n=164, 39.80%), Pseudomonas spp. (n=37, 8.98%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=18, 4.36%); other bacteria were less common. The overall bacterial resistance was highest against the combination of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (73.12%), followed by amoxicillin and clavulanate (65.19%). The cephalosporin antibiotics also showed high resistance rates. The study also showed moderate bacterial resistance to gentamycin (32.65%), azithromycin (29.92%), cefoxitin (62.65%), and ciprofloxacin (25.60%). Ertapenem (16.67%) and levofloxacin (15.56%) had the lowest resistance rates. Conclusion. There was a high percentage of bacteria resistant to several antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is a prerequisite guide for the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles for Different Isolates in Aden, Yemen: A Cross‐Sectional Study in a Resource‐Poor Setting

Badulla

Alshakka

Ibrahim

2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Studies show that low-income countries like Bangladesh are more affected by AMR because of the widespread misuse of antibiotics, non-human antibiotic use, poor quality of drugs, inadequate surveillance and factors associated with individual and national poverty indicators like poor healthcare standards, malnutrition, chronic and repeated infections, unaffordability of more effective and costly drugs [9, 10]. Research regarding antibiotic resistance epidemiology may ultimately guide to interventions for AMR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situation of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh and its association with resistance genes for horizontal transfer

Safain

Bhuyan

Tasnim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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2The study investigated the spectrum of antibiotic resistance and the associated genes for 3 aminoglycoside, macrolide and ESBL class of antibiotics using clinical isolates. A total of 430 4 preserved bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumannii, n= 20; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n= 26; 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae, n= 42; E.coli, n= 85; Staphylococcus aureus, n= 84; Salmonella Typhi, 6 n= 82; Enterococcus spp., n= 27; Streptococcus pneumoniae, n= 36 and CNS, n= 28) were 7 examined. The strains were isolated from patients admitted to various tertiary hospitals of Dhaka 8 city between 2015 and 2019 with either acute respiratory infections, wound infections, typhoid 9 fever or diarrhea. The isolates were reconfirmed by appropriate microbiological and biochemical 10 methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion approach. 11PCR amplification using resistance gene-specific primers for aminoglycoside, macrolide and 12 ESBL class of antibiotics was done and the amplified products were confirmed by Sanger 13 sequencing. Of the total isolates, 53% came out as MDR with 96.6% of E. coli and 90% of 14 Staphylococcus aureus. There was a year-wise gradual increase of MDR isolates from 2015-2018 15 and by 2019 the increase in MDR isolates became almost 2-fold compared to 2015. Among the 16 five ESBL genes investigated, CTXM-1 came out as the most prevalent (63%) followed by NDM-17 1 (22%) and E. coli isolates were the predominant reservoir of these genes. ErmB (55%) was the 18 most frequently detected macrolide resistance gene, whereas aac(6)-Ib (35.44%) was the most 19 prevalent aminoglycoside resistance gene and these genes were most prevalent in E. coli and P. 20 aeruginosa isolates, respectively. CTXM-1 and ErmB (16.66%) were the most frequent partners 21 of coexistence followed by CTXM-1 and aac(3)-II.22 24 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a very challenging problem worldwide. Solving the 25 AMR problem should be the priority of global efforts. Nosocomial infections have been 26 recognized as the hub for thriving multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. It is estimated that around 27 8.7% of the hospitalized patients worldwide develop nosocomial infections which is the leading 28 cause of surgical failure, transplant rejection, treatment failure, increased costs and even deaths 29 [1]. Numerous reports suggest that absolute numbers of infections due to resistant microbes are 30 increasing globally [2-4]. It is conservatively estimated that at least 2 million illnesses and 23,000 31 deaths had been caused by antibiotic resistant organisms per year in the USA [5]. The present trend 32 predicts that infections by resistant bacterial pathogens may cause up to 10 million deaths/year -33 more than any other causes -by 2050 and like the most global issues, the problem is inequitably 34 distributed, with approximately 90% of the predicted deaths are estimated to happen in Asia and 35 Africa [6]. Additionally, treatment of the patients infected with resistant pathogens is associated 36 with...

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“…The World Health Organization, in its late report released in April 2014, revealed that antibiotic resistance is a serious and growing global problem [ 6 ]. Several studies reported the relationship between antibiotic use and the development of resistance [ 7 – 9 ]. Countries consuming the highest amounts of antibiotics have the highest rates of resistance [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory tract infections in children: a cross-sectional study in Palestine

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIn primary health care centres, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in children are commonly encountered by physicians. Viruses cause most URTIs, but parents’ attitudes often represent an important reason for antibiotic abuse, which leads to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The goal of this study was to examine parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about antibiotic use for children with URTIs in Palestine.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in primary health care centres in Nablus city from 1 June to 31 October 2012. A questionnaire was developed and administered to determine parents’ KAP regarding antibiotic use for their children with URTIs.ResultsThree hundred and eighty-five parents completed the questionnaire. A total of 79.7 % of the parents were attentive to the truth that antibiotic misuse is responsible for bacterial resistance. Only 18.9 % of parents thought that antibiotics did not have any harmful side effects. Fifty nine per cent of parents did not agree that URTIs are mostly viral in origin and are self-limited. Almost 73 % of parents choose antibiotics as a treatment for URTIs, while earache (68 %) and fever (64 %) were the most common reasons for which parents expected antibiotics. However, more than 38 % of the parents never asked the paediatrician to prescribe antibiotics, and only 6 % congratulated their paediatricians for not prescribing antibiotics.ConclusionsAlthough there is a trusted relationship between parents and paediatricians, Palestinian parents have insufficient knowledge related to antibiotic use for URTIs in children, which results in inappropriate attitudes and practices. Educational interventions for both parents and physicians will reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and resistance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0494-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles for Different Isolates in Aden, Yemen: A Cross‐Sectional Study in a Resource‐Poor Setting

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles for Different Isolates in Aden, Yemen: A Cross‐Sectional Study in a Resource‐Poor Setting

Situation of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh and its association with resistance genes for horizontal transfer

Parental knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory tract infections in children: a cross-sectional study in Palestine

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