Antibiotic resistance mechanism and diagnosis of common foodborne pathogens based on genotypic and phenotypic biomarkers

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics has become a significant public health concern. The agri-food chain, which serves as a vital link between the environment, food, and human, contributes to the large-scale dissemination of antibiotic resistance, posing a concern to both food safety and human health. Identification and evaluation of antibiotic resistance of foodborne bacteria is a crucial priority to avoid antibiotic abuse and ensure food safety. However, the conventional approach for detecting antibiotic resistance heavily relies on culture-based methods, which are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop accurate and rapid tools for diagnosing antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance at both phenotypic and genetic levels, with a focus on identifying potential biomarkers for diagnosing antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, an overview of advances in the strategies based on the potential biomarkers (antibiotic resistance genes, antibiotic resistanceassociated mutations, antibiotic resistance phenotypes) for antibiotic resistance analysis of foodborne pathogens is systematically exhibited. This work aims to provide guidance for the advancement of efficient and accurate diagnostic techniques for antibiotic resistance analysis in the food industry.

Occurrence and risk‐related features of Bacillus cereus in fluid milk

“…Spread of antibiotic resistance has been related to the fact that antibiotic‐resistant genes in plasmids can be inserted into bacterial chromosomes by recombination or transposition, or by exchanging genetic material between different bacterial strains by combination and transduction (Liao et al . 2023). Moreover, bacterial survival pressures present during food processing may trigger adaptive responses in bacteria that can exacerbate antibiotic resistance through cross‐protective mechanisms (Liao et al .…”

Streptococcus iniae in aquaculture: a review of pathogenesis, virulence, and antibiotic resistance

“… Alternate metabolic pathways : Another observed mechanism involves the bacterium capability to modify its metabolic pathways, causing the conventional targets of antimicrobials to disappear. An example is the acquisition of folate instead of its synthesis [ 102 ]. In addition, bacteria can transfer antibiotic resistance genes during cell division (vertical transfer).…”

Enhanced catalytic performance of penicillin G acylase by covalent immobilization onto functionally-modified magnetic Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles

“…The demand for antibiotics used in conventional applications remains substantial. However, the misuse of antibiotics has given rise to a host of resistance issues [5,6]. In response, the public is actively exploring alternatives to antibiotics [7,8].…”