Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbred dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is one of the most severe public health challenges. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria avoid and fight the mechanism of action of antibiotic drugs. This study aimed to determine the resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goat at Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, with the antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 milk samples of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats were used in this study. The initial stages of this research included tests of the physical properties, isolation, and identification of E. coli. Then, the E. coli isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer method. Results: The results showed that all samples were positive for E. coli. The physical properties of milk, namely, color, odor, flavor, and consistency, were normal. The results of the alcohol test showed normal acidity, and the specific gravity of goat milk met the criteria, with an average specific gravity of 1.0295 g/mL. The results of the antibiotic resistance test showed that 4 (12%) samples were resistant to streptomycin, 5 (15%) to sulfonamide, and 3% to trimethoprim. Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli from Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, was 100%. Furthermore, this E. coli isolate exhibited resistance to antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. The use of antibiotics in the dairy goat industry in Indonesia should be controlled to prevent the spread of resistant E. coli from animals to humans through the food chain and prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli.

Microbial Contamination in Chicken Meat in Traditional Markets in Banyuwangi

“…E. coli contamination in products of animal origin is widespread. In Blitar Regency, East Java, contamination of E. coli was identified from a raw goat milk sample of 100% (34/34) (Agatha et al, 2023). In Surabaya, East Java, high microbial contamination was identified in chicken meat from local markets, namely S. aureus 58.3%, Salmonella spp.…”

“…A positive test for the presence of E. coli was indicated by a metallic green colony (Figure 1). Then, followed by gram staining and biochemical tests, namely, the IMViC test, consisting of indole production test, methyl red (MR) test, Voges-Proskauer (VP) test, and citrate test (Agatha et al, 2023).…”

Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli recovered from ICU and non-ICU at dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital

“…Notably, the distribution of ESBL-encoding E. coli displays geographical variability, as substantiated by multiple research investigations conducted in various nations. Extensive evidence points to the identification of ESBL-producing E. coli in diverse contexts within the Indonesian settings, encompassing healthcare facilities [1], dairy farming establishments [1][2][3], and the surrounding ecological milieu [1]. These discerned occurrences emphasize the potential for interspecies transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli, thereby warranting heightened attention and investigation [1].…”

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli derived from an integrated agroforestry-livestock system in Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia

“…Moreover, the incidence of AMR in animal health is increasing because of its involvement in diverse animal species and microbes, varying livestock environments, and intricate resistance mechanisms [11,12]. Previous studies have identified livestock, such as ruminants, as plausible reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes, including Escherichia coli [13][14][15].…”