Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers sold at live bird markets in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Sarker, Samun; Mannan, Md. Shahriar; Ali, Md. Younus; Bayzid, Md.; Ahad, Abdul; Bupasha, Zamila Bueaza

doi:10.5455/javar.2019.f344

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the most alarming finding from our study is that all the APEC isolates were MDR in class. Similar findings were recorded in E. coli in poultry in Bangladesh [ 30 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], though the E. coli isolates had not been characterized as APEC. Subedi et al [ 17 ] recorded 94% of APEC isolates as MDR in Nepal, similar to our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Detection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) for the First Time in Layer Farms in Bangladesh and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

et al. 2020

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes significant economic losses in poultry industries. Here, we determined for the first time in Bangladesh, the prevalence of APEC-associated virulence genes in E. coli isolated from layer farms and their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 99 samples comprising internal organs, feces, and air were collected from 32 layer farms. Isolation was performed by culturing samples on eosin–methylene blue agar plates, while the molecular detection of APEC was performed by PCR, and antibiograms were performed by disk diffusion. Among the samples, 36 were positive for the APEC-associated virulence genes fimC, iucD, and papC. Out of 36 isolates, 7, 18, and 11 were positive, respectively, for three virulence genes (papC, fimC, and iucD), two virulence genes, and a single virulence gene. Although the detection of virulence genes was significantly higher in the internal organs, the air and feces were also positive. The antibiograms revealed that all the isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline; 97.2%, to chloramphenicol and erythromycin; 55.5%, to enrofloxacin; 50.0%, to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin; 19.4%, to streptomycin; 11.1%, to colistin; and 8.33%, to gentamicin. Interestingly, all the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis revealed the strongest significant correlation between norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance. This is the first study in Bangladesh describing the molecular detection of APEC in layer farms. Isolated APEC can now be used for detailed genetic characterization and assessing the impact on public health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Detection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) for the First Time in Layer Farms in Bangladesh and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

et al. 2020

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“…However, similar study from Bangladesh reported 100% MDR in E. coli isolates [43]. Open access between poultry farms and communities, unhygienic practice, inappropriate use of antibiotics, are some of the reasons attributed for emerging resistance patterns including MDRs in Nepal [33,43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasmid mediated colistin resistant mcr-1 and co-existence of OXA-48 among Escherichia coli from clinical and poultry isolates: first report from Nepal

et al. 2020

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Background Plasmid-mediated resistance to the last-resort drugs: carbapenems and colistin is an emerging public health threat. The studies on the prevalence and co-expression of resistant genes among livestock and human pathogens are rare in Nepal. This is the first study in Nepal exploring the prevalence and co-existence of colistin resistance gene, mcr-1 along with carbapenemase resistance gene, OXA-48 in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and clinical specimens. Methods A total of 240 rectal swabs from chickens of five different poultry farms of Kathmandu valley and 705 mid-stream urine samples from human subjects attending Kantipur Hospital, Kathmandu were collected between August, 2018 and March, 2019. Rectal swabs and urine specimens were cultured. E. coli isolated from the specimens were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using disk diffusion method’. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was determined by agar dilution method using 0.5 µg/ml to 32 µg/ml. The E. coli isolates were first screened for mcr-1 followed by screening for OXA-48 genes using conventional Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Of the total samples analyzed, E. coli was isolated from 31.7% (76/240) of poultry and 7.9% (56/705) of clinical specimens. In AST, 80% (61/76) of E. coli from poultry and 79% (44/56) from clinical specimens were MDR. The phenotypic prevalence of colistin resistance in poultry specimens were 31.6% (24/76) and clinical specimens were 21.4% (12/56). In PCR assay, 27.6% (21/76) of poultry and 19.6% (11/56) of clinical isolates had colistin resistant mcr-1 gene. MICs value of E. coli isolates ranged from 4 to 32 (µg/ml) in both clinical and poultry isolates. Prevalence of co-existing carbapenem resistance gene, OXA-48, among colistin resistant mcr-1 positive isolates was 38% (8/21) in poultry specimens and 18.2% (2/11) in clinical specimens. Conclusions The high prevalence of colistin and carbapenem resistant genes, and their co-existence in plasmid DNA of E. coli isolates in this study suggests the possible spread to other animal, human and environmental pathogens. Molecular methods in addition to the conventional diagnostics in laboratories can help in early diagnosis, effective management and control of their potential transmission.

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“…This is the first study to report the association of multidrug-resistant APEC phylotypes in avian colibacillosis in different poultry farms of Bangladesh. A likely explanation to this high level of MDR potential in pathogenic APEC isolates could be the improper disinfection management, lack of empty period of implementation between flocks, lack of knowledge about cleanliness, impure poultry feed and feeding environment, use of contaminated water, and extensive use of antimicrobials in chickens, often without veterinary prescription, as reported in many earlier studies [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. In the present study, 392 probable APEC isolates were obtained from 130 poultry samples (droppings, cloacal, feed, handler, egg, water, liver) collected from three districts (Narsingdi, Narayangonj and Manikgonj) of Bangladesh, with 44.39% prevalence of colibacillosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings of the current study provided evidence that the poultry farms could indeed be contaminated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) APEC phylotypes, especially with the potentially pathogenic B2 and D2 phylotypes. This is particularly alarming for Bangladesh because of having a high disease burden, emergence of resistance traits, and the confluence of prevailing socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors [ 40 , 41 ]. This is the first study to report the association of multidrug-resistant APEC phylotypes in avian colibacillosis in different poultry farms of Bangladesh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are reports that resistant E. coli strains might enhance antimicrobial resistance in other organisms (pathogenic and nonpathogenic) within gastrointestinal tract of the chicken [ 3 , 39 ], and help in transmitting and disseminating drug-resistant strains, and genes between animal and human pathogens [ 3 , 39 ]. Many of the earlier studies have explored the association between pathogenic traits of APEC and their VGs repertoire [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]; however, potential pathogenic traits associated with phylotypes warrant attention into the potential role of VGs, MDR properties, and their cross-talk with specific phylotypes. This study; therefore, aims to investigate the phylotyping, potential VGs, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in APEC isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidrug-Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains and Association of Their Virulence Genes in Bangladesh

et al. 2020

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The avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are the chief etiology of colibacillosis worldwide. The present study investigated the circulating phylotypes, existence of virulence genes (VGs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 392 APEC isolates, obtained from 130 samples belonged to six farms using both phenotypic and PCR-based molecular approaches. Congo red binding (CRB) assay confirmed 174 APEC isolates which were segregated into ten, nine, and eight distinct genotypes by RAPD assay (discriminatory index, DI = 0.8707), BOX-PCR (DI = 0.8591) and ERIC-PCR (DI = 0.8371), respectively. The combination of three phylogenetic markers (chuA, yjaA and DNA fragment TspE4.C2) classified APEC isolates into B23 (37.36%), A1 (33.91%), D2 (11.49%), B22 (9.20%), and B1 (8.05%) phylotypes. Majority of the APEC isolates (75–100%) harbored VGs (ial, fimH, crl, papC, and cjrC). These VGs (papC and cjrC) and phylotypes (D2 and B2) of APEC had significant (p = 0.004) association with colibacillosis. Phylogenetic analysis showed two distinct clades (clade A and clade B) of APEC, where clade A had 98–100% similarity with E. coli APEC O78 and E. coli EHEC strains, and clade B had closest relationship with E. coli O169:H41 strain. Interestingly, phylogroups B2 and D2 were found in the APEC strains of both clades, while the strains from phylogroups A1 and B1 were found in clade A only. In this study, 81.71% of the isolates were biofilm formers, and possessed plasmids of varying ranges (1.0 to 54 kb). In vitro antibiogram profiling revealed that 100% isolates were resistant to ≥3 antibiotics, of which 61.96%, 55.24%, 53.85%, 51.16% and 45.58% isolates in phylotypes B1, D2, B22, B23, and A1, respectively, were resistant to these antimicrobials. The resistance patterns varied among different phylotypes, notably in phylotype B22, showing the highest resistance to ampicillin (90.91%), nalidixic acid (90.11%), tetracycline (83.72%), and nitrofurantoin (65.12%). Correspondence analysis also showed significant correlation among phylotypes with CRB (p = 0.008), biofilm formation (p = 0.02), drug resistance (p = 0.03), and VGs (p = 0.06). This report demonstrated that B2 and A1 phylotypes are dominantly circulating APEC phylotypes in Bangladesh; however, B2 and D2 are strongly associated with the pathogenicity. A high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant APEC strains from different phylotypes suggest the use of organic antimicrobial compounds, and/or metals, and the rotational use of antibiotics in poultry farms in Bangladesh.

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Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers sold at live bird markets in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Molecular Detection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) for the First Time in Layer Farms in Bangladesh and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Molecular Detection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) for the First Time in Layer Farms in Bangladesh and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Plasmid mediated colistin resistant mcr-1 and co-existence of OXA-48 among Escherichia coli from clinical and poultry isolates: first report from Nepal

Multidrug-Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains and Association of Their Virulence Genes in Bangladesh

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