Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Sewage in Manaus, Amazonas

Abstract

Staphylococcus spp. have become important human pathogens in recent decades due to the selection of resistant bacteria and the spread of their resistance genes in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Staphylococcus spp. obtained from sewage in the city of Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer method for ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin, cefoxitin, linezolid, penicillin, rifampicin, sulfazotrim, tetracycline and vancomycin. Among the strains isolated from sewage, the greatest resistance was observed for penicillin and oxacillin, with 100% of isolates resistant to these antibiotics. Some antibiotics had resistant and sensitive strains (ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, azithromycin). Staphylococcus spp. were identified as sensitive to ciprofloxacin chloramphenicol gentamicin linezolid sulfazotrim tetracycline, vancomycin, with no strain resistant to these antibiotics.

Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp. in Municipal and Hospital Wastewater: A Longitudinal Study

“…In this study, resistance to daptomycin was found in some of the staphylococcal (8.2%) and enterococcal (10.9%) isolates studied; this differs from that reported by Nogueira et al, who found no daptomycin-resistant staphylococcal isolates in the wastewater they analyzed [45], as opposed to that reported by Limayem et al, who found daptomycin-resistant staphylococci in wastewater from a community WWTP [47], similar to that observed in this study. In the work published by Li et al, they detected enterococci and staphylococci strains resistant to daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid in hospital wastewater [59], phenotypes present in some of the strains analyzed in this study.…”

“…Fluoroquinolones have been reported to be mobile in the aquatic environment due to their hydrophilic characteristics, which would explain their presence in these media [46]. Vancomycin resistance was detected in two strains (S. epidermidis and S. lentus) with MIC values > 32 mg/L and with a multi-resistance profile; these results differ from those reported by Nogueira et al, who found CoNS isolates sensitive to vancomycin and daptomycin in wastewater [45], while Limayem et al isolated vancomycin-resistant CoNS in community wastewater [47].…”

“…Quinolone resistance in staphylococcal collected from wastewater in this study was around 7%. Faria et al, reported 5.6% of CoNS resistant to ciprofloxacin in community wastewater from a WWTP in Portugal [26], whereas Nogueira et al found no resistance to ciprofloxacin in their study [45]. Fluoroquinolones have been reported to be mobile in the aquatic environment due to their hydrophilic characteristics, which would explain their presence in these media [46].…”