Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from nasopharynx of preschool children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lithuania

Stacevičienė, Indrė; Petraitienė, Sigita; Vaičiūnienė, Daiva; Alasevicius, Tomas; Kirslienė, Jūratė; Usonis, Vytautas

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1544-9

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An increased resistance of S. pneumoniae isolates for amoxicillin (20.4%) and erythromycin (15.0%) were also observed. Our results are similar to those reported in Vilnius [32]. Widely usage of this drug in the clinical practice and its cheap cost could be the cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and risk factors of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending kindergarten, in district of Arsi Zone, South East, Ethiopia

Abaye

Fekadu²,

Haji³

et al. 2019

BMC Res Notes

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Objective S. pneumoniae responsible for a range of respiratory infections from uncomplicated to severe invasive pneumococcal disease. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from children attending kindergarten and aged ≤ 6 years from February, 2017 to June, 2017 to assess the nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. pneumoniae . Parents of children interviewed using questionnaire and check list to identify associated factors. An antimicrobial susceptibility test performed using disk diffusion method. Results Overall pneumococcal carriage were 18.4% (88/477). No significant variation in colonization based on sex and age of children. Children living with siblings (1–2) < 6 years in household (adjusted odd ratio = 16.06; 95% confidence interval 6.21–41.55) and > 5 person per household (adjusted odd ratio = 3.27; 95% confidence interval 1.50–7.14) were associated with higher S. pneumoniae carriage. Non- exclusive breast feeding (adjust odd ratio = 6.00; 95% confidence interval 3.33–10.80) and horse cart transportation (adjusted odd ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval 1.05–7.22) increases carriage. S. pneumoniae showed 21 (23.9%) resistance to erythromycin, 18 (20.4%) to amoxicillin, 13 (15.0%) to penicillin, and the least 1 (1.1%) to augmentin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and risk factors of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending kindergarten, in district of Arsi Zone, South East, Ethiopia

Abaye

Fekadu²,

Haji³

et al. 2019

BMC Res Notes

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“…Penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci have been shown to be frequently non-susceptible to other classes of antibiotics (Linãres et al, 1996). In the current study, penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcal isolates were frequently non-susceptible to erythromycin and cotrimoxazole, as described elsewhere (Critchley et al, 2000; Liñ Ares et al, 2010; Stacevičienė et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pneumococci in an Intensively Sampled South African Birth Cohort

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) precedes the development of respiratory tract infection. Colonization by antimicrobial-resistant pneumococci, especially in infants, is a major public health concern. We longitudinally investigated antimicrobial-resistance amongst pneumococci colonizing the nasopharynx of South African infants immunized with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Methods: NP swabs were collected every second week from birth through the first year of life from 137 infants. Pneumococci were identified and serotyped using conventional microbiological techniques, and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles determined by disk diffusion and E -test. Results: All infants were immunized with 3 doses of PCV13. 1520 pneumococci (760 non-repeat) isolates were recovered from 137 infants; including non-typeable ( n = 99), PCV13 ( n = 133) and non-PCV13 serotypes ( n = 528). The prevalence of penicillin, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole non-susceptibility was 19% (95% CI 17–22%) (3% fully resistant), 18% (95% CI 15–21%) (14% fully resistant), and 45% (95% CI 42–49%) (36% fully resistant), respectively. The predominant penicillin-non-susceptible serotypes included 19A, 19F, 15B/15C, 15A, and 21, while susceptible serotypes included 23A, 34, and 17A. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) was observed in 9% (95% CI 7–11%) of the isolates. PCV13 serotypes were more likely to be non-susceptible, compared to non-PCV13 serotypes, to penicillin (26% vs. 16%, p = 0.007), erythromycin (23% vs. 15%, p = 0.027) and cotrimoxazole (62% vs. 41%, p < 0.001). Non-susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole remained relatively constant through the first year of life ( X 2 test for trend: p = 0.184, p = 0.171, and p = 0.572, respectively). Overall, penicillin or erythromycin-non-susceptible pneumococci were carried for a shorter duration than susceptible pneumococci [penicillin (mean days, 18 vs. 21, p = 0.013) and erythromycin (mean days, 18 vs. 21, p = 0.035)]. Within individual infants carrying the same serotype longitudinally, changes in antibiotic susceptibility were observed over time in 45% (61/137) of infants and these changes were predominantly for penicillin (76%, 79/104). Conclusion: Prevalence of NP carriage with antibiotic-non-susceptible pneumococci was relatively constant throughout the first year of life. PCV13 serotypes were more commonly non-susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole. Penicillin or erythromycin-non-susceptible pneumococci were carried for a shorter duration than penicillin or erythrom...

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“…26 Our rates of resistance are higher than a report from Lithuania that showed 56.7% of S. pneumonia NP isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, and non-susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim/ sulphamethoxazole was 15.8%, 21.3%, 16.9% and 27.3%, respectively. 27 However, invasive S. pneumoniae isolates showed lower rates of resistance compared to NP isolates. This is in accordance with a previous report that respiratory tract isolates showed more resistance to penicillin, TMP-SMX, cefuroxime and erythromycin, than invasive isolates, and were more likely to be multidrug resistant.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Ast)mentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Serotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal Isolates of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> from Children Less Than 5 Years Old in Egypt</p>

El-Kholy¹,

Badawy²,

Gad³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Purpose: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the etiology of severe and lifethreatening infections in children less than 5 years old. Though pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are effective in the prevention of pneumococcal infections, yet they are not included in the National Immunization Program in Egypt pending the identification of pathogenic serotypes. As S. pneumoniae colonization of the pharynx predisposes to pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by the colonizing serotypes, identification of the nasopharyngeal (NP) serotypes can be a surrogate to the invasive serotypes. In this study, we aimed to 1. Identify the serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing the nasopharynx of Egyptian children younger than 5 years in two successive winter seasons. 2. Correlate the identified serotypes with vaccine coverage of the 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccines (PCV13). 3. Compare the serotypes and AST of S. pneumoniae from NP to those of IPD that were routinely identified in our clinical laboratory during the study period. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in two successive winter seasons (December 2015-March 2016; December 2016-March 2017). We enrolled 334 children, aged 6 months to 5 years, attending the outpatient general clinics of Cairo University Children Hospital, excluding those with fever, signs of infection, history of antibiotic intake or hospitalization in the preceding month. We tested NP swabs for S. pneumoniae by culture and real-time PCR. Serotyping was performed by sequential multiplex PCR for all positive samples. AST was done to S. pneumoniae isolates by Vitek-2™ (BioMérieux, Marcy-L'Etoile, France). We included routinely detected S. pneumoniae from sterile body sites during the study period, and identified their serotypes and AST. Results: PCR was positive for pneumococci in 217 out of 334 pharyngeal swabs (65%), including 186 typable samples. The most common serotypes were serotypes 1, 6ABC, 19 F, 5 and 18ABC. By culture, we isolated only 110 out of 334 pharyngeal swabs (32.9%). The theoretical coverage of the PCV13 vaccine for the detected serotypes was 77.4%. The AST of NP isolates revealed low susceptibility rates to all antimicrobials except for vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin and clindamycin. During the study period, we identified 40 IPD; 21 identified by PCR and 19 by culture. The commonest pneumococcal serotypes were 1, 18ABC, 6ABC and 5. The PCV13 coverage was 75%. By Vitek-2, the isolates showed 100%, 100%, 94.7%, 89.5%, 84.2%, 84.2% and 78.9% susceptibility to vancomycin, linezolid, clindamycin, levofloxacin, penicillin, cefotaxim and erythromycin, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the serotype vaccine coverage and the emerging antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae, PCVs will be valuable to Egyptian children.

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Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from nasopharynx of preschool children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lithuania

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending kindergarten, in district of Arsi Zone, South East, Ethiopia

Prevalence and risk factors of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending kindergarten, in district of Arsi Zone, South East, Ethiopia

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pneumococci in an Intensively Sampled South African Birth Cohort

<p>Serotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal Isolates of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> from Children Less Than 5 Years Old in Egypt</p>

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