Antibiotic resistance pattern in intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobials are a major class of drugs prescribed in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Widespread use of empirical antibiotic therapy has facilitated the emergence of drug resistance, since empirical therapy is very often initiated at the outset, even before culture and sensitivity reports are available. The problem of drug resistance is on a rise, therefore, this study was planned to assess the drug resistance and sensitivity patterns of the blood isolates recovered from ICU.Methods: An observational- prospective study was conducted in the Tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of twelve months to assess antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern. A total of 104 consecutive patients receiving antibiotics in the ICU and having blood cultures with significant growth were included in the study. Blood sample was collected and after obtaining a culture growth, the identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done.Results: Blood stream infection by Gram-negative bacteria (50.96%) was more common than Gram-positive bacteria (49.04%). Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) was the predominant single blood culture isolate (35.58%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.46%), Escherichia coli (12.50%), Acinetobacter baumannii complex (7.69%) were commonly isolated gram negative organisms. Gram positive isolates were resistant to beta lactams in maximum patients whereas Tigecycline, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Nitrofurantoin and Teicoplanin were sensitive against them. Common gram negative isolates were sensitive to Colistin and Tigecycline but resistant to most of the antibiotics.Conclusions: A preponderance of gram negative bacteria over gram positive bacteria was noted with a higher degree of resistance to most of the first line antimicrobial agents.

The Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from Intensive Care Unit Patient Samples in a University Affiliated Hospital in Romania

“…Predominantly Gram-negative germs, found in our study, is consistent with the results of other researchers [19].…”

“…Consistent with our study, other investigators have reported also as the most common site of infection respiratory tract, urine and blood [3,19,[25][26][27].…”

“…In our research, both Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and MRSA showed resistance to penicillin in almost all patients, which is similar to another study conducted by Bathia et al [19].…”

“…The first two germs were also identified in the samples collected from elderly patients hospitalized in the same period in ICU. [18] Klebsiella ranks first among isolated germs in other researchers' studies [19], while a similar percentage was also highlighted for this pathogen [20,21], but occupying the second, third or fourth place in the hierarchy of the most frequent pathogens involved in infections of patients hospitalized in ICU, after Acinetobacter spp. [20,22], Pseudomonas [21] or E. coli [23].…”

Bacterial Isolates from Endotracheal Aspirates and their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Patients from Intensive Care Unit

“…One-third of MRSA strains have been MDR, while both Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and MRSA showed resistance to penicillin in almost all patients, consistent also with other findings [22]. MRSA remains a major cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide, with higher percentages in the southern and south-eastern parts of Europe [23].…”