Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial strains isolated from Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica in Tangier, Morocco

Abstract

Background: Flies and cockroaches are two insects in close contact with human beings. They are carriers of human pathogenic bacteria on the external areas of their bodies or in their digestive tracts. This study examines Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica collected from the residential areas of six districts in Tangier, Morocco. Methodology: In total, 251 bacteria were isolated from external areas of the participants' bodies and the antimicrobial susceptibility was calculated. Results: The predominant bacterial species included Escherichia coli (17.9%), Klebsiella spp. (14.7%), Providencia spp. (9.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (15.1%) and Enterococcus spp. (11.6%). The study showed no difference between the species of bacterial strains from American cockroaches and houseflies. Carbapenems and aminoglycosides were active against 100% of the Gram-negative bacilli isolated in this study. Staphylococcus spp. strains were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin, levofloxacin and cotrimoxazole, and no antibiotic resistance was found in Enterococcus spp. Conclusions: In our setting, although both cockroaches and flies collected from residential areas may be vectors of human pathogenic bacteria, the infections caused by them are easily treatable as a result of the high susceptibility of their bacteria to antibiotics routinely used in the community or in hospitals.

High load of multi-drug resistant nosocomial neonatal pathogens carried by cockroaches in a neonatal intensive care unit at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Other smaller isolates of pathogenic organisms which similarly grew in other studies [6,14,45,46] included Providencia retegerri, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Acinetobacter spp . and Shigella flexneri.…”

“…After the external and gut homogenates were prepared and incubated 24 hours in buffered peptone water (BPW), each one of the growth from BPW was inoculated in seven primary media (Mac-Conkey, Sheep Blood Agar, Chocolate agar, SS agar, Desoxycholate Citrate Agar-DCA, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate- XLD and Mannitol Salt Agar-MSA) to grow most gram positive and negative bacteria [6,14]. From the plates, typical colonies of each organism were then transported to Trypton water broth (OXOID, Basingstoke, UK) for secondary enrichment at 37-42°C for 24 hours [6].…”

Phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the gut of house flies (Musca domestica L.)

“…Diverse genera associated with house flies (e.g. Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Proteus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Micrococcus, Methylobacterium, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus) have been isolated globally in several other studies (Sulaiman et al, 1988;Nazni et al, 2005;Förster et al, 2007;Nmorsi et al, 2007;Sukontason et al, 2007;Bouamamaa et al, 2010;Butler et al, 2010). Results from our culturedependent method confirm data reported in these studies along with new reports of genera, and species therein described below, namely Kerstersia, Ignatzschineria, Wohlfahrtiimonas, Pantoea, Cronobacter, and Vagococcus.…”

“…were dominantly represented in our survey, house flies can possibly serve as putative reservoirs or vectors for these microorganisms. Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Proteus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Micrococcus, Methylobacterium, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus) have been isolated globally in several other studies (Sulaiman et al, 1988;Nazni et al, 2005;Förster et al, 2007;Nmorsi et al, 2007;Sukontason et al, 2007;Bouamamaa et al, 2010;Butler et al, 2010). The genus Aeromonas has been linked with wide variety of human infections, acting as primary agent as well as opportunistic pathogen to immunocompromised patients.…”

Comparative Analysis of Pathogenic Organisms in Cockroaches from Different Community Settings in Edo State, Nigeria

“…Bacillus sp. and E. coli being harboured by cockroaches can cause diarrhea [12]. S. aureus causes nosocomial infections, and cockroaches have been implicated as carriers [13,14].…”