Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions

Abstract

The causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many levels of society; the consequences aff ect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate change are evident. Many eff orts have been made to describe the many diff erent facets of antibiotic resistance and the interventions needed to meet the challenge. However, coordinated action is largely absent, especially at the political level, both nationally and internationally. Antibiotics paved the way for unprecedented medical and societal developments, and are today indispensible in all health systems. Achievements in modern medicine, such as major surgery, organ transplantation, treatment of preterm babies, and cancer chemotherapy, which we today take for granted, would not be possible without access to eff ective treatment for bacterial infections. Within just a few years, we might be faced with dire setbacks, medically, socially, and economically, unless real and unprecedented global coordinated actions are immediately taken. Here, we describe the global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identify key areas in which action is urgently needed.

Land Use Influences Antibiotic Resistance in the Microbiome of Soil Collembolans Orchesellides sinensis

“…Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a product of microbial evolution and selection and are widely distributed in the natural environment, although usually in low abundance . The increasing abundance of ARGs at an unprecedented rate in our environment due to the intensive use of antibiotics is well documented − and has aroused widespread public concern. , The emergence and widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes have become a global threat to human health . Numerous studies have therefore been conducted to determine the abundance and composition of ARGs in multiple environments (e.g., soils, , rivers, landfill sites, municipal wastewater treatment plants, indoor dust, the phyllosphere of vegetables, animal faeces, and the gut of honey bees).…”

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation from yaks on weaning diarrhea, fecal microbiota composition, microbial network structure and functional pathways in Chinese Holstein calves

“…Currently, antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry to treat or prevent diarrhea and promote livestock growth (Brown et al, 2017). However, many studies have shown that the longterm use of antibiotics not only disrupts the normal community structure of animal gut microbes, but also increases the presence of disease and drug-resistant bacteria in the gut (Listed, 2014).In addition, cattle are food-producing animals, so residual antibiotics in the body may also seriously affect food safety and pose a great threat to human health (Zhang et al, 2019;Shao et al, 2021). Therefore, finding green and pollution-free antibiotics alternatives to prevent diarrhea in early weaned calves is crucial for animal husbandry development and food safety.…”