Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater of Abattoirs

Homeier‐Bachmann, Timo; Heiden, Stefan E.; Lübcke, P.; Bachmann, Lisa; Bohnert, Jürgen A.; Zimmermann, Dirk; Schaufler, Katharina

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050568

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, it appears that wild animals that live in close proximity to human populations carry higher levels of AMRB and AMRG [ 35 , 38 ]. This could for example happen through surface water or agricultural field contamination [ 3 , 39 ]. A recently published study draws a similar conclusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the consumption of antimicrobials can result in alterations in the gut microbiota of humans and animals, leading to the selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB). With urine and feces, AMRB and partially metabolized antimicrobials can enter wastewater and may subsequently be released via sewage systems into surface waters and cropland [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, wild animals do not come into direct contact with antimicrobials. Nevertheless, they may be exposed to AMRB or antimicrobial residues by foraging and drinking in environments contaminated with anthropogenic sources [ 3 , 16 , 21 ]. Several studies demonstrated that wildlife populations living in close proximity to humans and agricultural areas exhibited a higher prevalence of AMRB than those living in more pristine areas [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Analysis of ESBL-Producing E. coli in Wildlife from North-Eastern Germany

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health threat and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales are a major contributor. This study aimed to gain a deeper insight into the AMR burden of wild animals. In total, 1595 fecal samples were collected by two systematic searches in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, north-east Germany. Samples were screened for ESBL-carrying Escherichia (E.) coli and isolates found were further analyzed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. We found an estimated prevalence of 1.2% ESBL-producing E. coli in wild boar and 1.1% in wild ruminants. CTX-M-1 was the most abundant CTX-M type. We also examined fecal samples from wild boar and wild ruminants using shotgun metagenomics to gain insight into the resistome in wild animals. The latter revealed significantly lower normalized counts for AMR genes in wildlife samples compared to farm animals. The AMR gene levels were lower in wild ruminants than in wild boar. In conclusion, our study revealed a low prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and a low overall AMR gene burden in wild boar and wild ruminants, probably due to the secluded location of the search area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Analysis of ESBL-Producing E. coli in Wildlife from North-Eastern Germany

et al. 2022

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“… 2014 ; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2020 ; Homeier-Bachmann et al . 2021 ). Those resistances were initially thought to be located on the chromosome, until 2015, when the first mobile colistin resistance ( mcr ) gene carried by a plasmid has been found (Liu et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global colistin use: a review of the emergence of resistant Enterobacterales and the impact on their genetic basis

Binsker

Käsbohrer

Hammerl

2021

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

115

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The dramatic global rise of MDR and XDR Enterobacterales in human medicine forced clinicians to the reintroduction of colistin as last-resort drug. Meanwhile, colistin is used in the veterinary medicine since its discovery leading to a steadily increasing prevalence of resistant isolates in the livestock and meat-based food sector. Consequently, transmission of resistant isolates from animals to humans, acquisition via food, and exposure to colistin in the clinic are reasons for the increased prevalence of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales in humans in the last decades. Initially, resistance mechanisms were caused by mutations in chromosomal genes. However, since the discovery in 2015, the focus has shifted exclusively to mobile colistin resistances (mcr). This review will advance the understanding of chromosomal-mediated resistance mechanisms in Enterobacterales. We provide an overview about genes involved in colistin resistance and the current global situation of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales. A comparison of the global colistin use in veterinary and human medicine highlights the effort to reduce colistin sales in veterinary medicine under the One Health approach. In contrast, it uncovers the alarming rise in colistin consumption in human medicine due to the emergence of MDR Enterobacterales, which might be an important driver for the increasing emergence of chromosome-mediated colistin resistance.

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“…ESBL-E. coli isolates are frequently reported in samples of livestock origin (e.g., dairy cattle) and associated food products, increasing the potential for human transmission [6,7]. Although commensal E. coli rarely cause infections, they may horizontally transfer resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria, thereby contributing to the development of severe infections and the spread of AMR [8,9]. [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves on Dairy Farms in Germany

et al. 2021

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The objectives of this study were to ascertain the fecal ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence and to detect risk factors for their occurrence in young pre-weaned calves and their dams on large dairy farms in Germany. From 2018–2019 we investigated 2816 individual fecal samples from pre-weaned dairy calves and their dams, representing seventy-two farms (mean = 667 milking cows) from eight German federal states. To assess possible risk factors associated with ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence in calves and dams, a questionnaire was performed, collecting management data. We observed an ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence of 63.5% (95% CI: 57.4–69.5) among the sampled calves and 18.0% (95% CI: 12.5–23.5) among the dams. On all farms, at least one positive sample was obtained. To date, this is the highest ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence observed in dairy herds in Europe. Feeding with waste milk was identified as a significant risk factor for a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in calves. Many calves at large dairies in Germany are fed with waste milk due to the large amounts generated as a result of antibiotic dry-off routines and mastitis treatment with antibiotics. Other notable risk factors for high ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in calves were the general fitness/health of dams and calves, and the quality of farm hygiene. Taken together, these findings suggest that new or improved approaches to animal health management, for example, antibiotic dry cow management (selective dry cow therapy) and mastitis treatment (high self-recovery), as well as farm hygiene, should be researched and implemented.

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Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater of Abattoirs

Cited by 36 publications

References 59 publications

Genomic Analysis of ESBL-Producing E. coli in Wildlife from North-Eastern Germany

Genomic Analysis of ESBL-Producing E. coli in Wildlife from North-Eastern Germany

Global colistin use: a review of the emergence of resistant Enterobacterales and the impact on their genetic basis

Prevalence and Risk Factors for ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves on Dairy Farms in Germany

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