Antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas spp. in the aquatic environment: A prevalence study under tropical and temperate climate conditions

Abstract

Microbial populations which are resistant to antibiotics are an emerging environmental concern with potentially serious implications for public health. Thus, there is a growing concern in exploring the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the environment with no limitations to the factors that contribute to their emergence. The aquatic environment is considered to be a hot-spot for the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance due to pollution with emerging contaminants derived from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we report on the isolation and characterization of 141 Pseudomonas spp. from aquatic sediments receiving partially (un)treated hospital and communal effluents from three distinct geographical locations: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), India (IN), and Switzerland (CH). P. putida (42%) and P. aeruginosa (39%) were the dominant Pseudomonas species. The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance against eight anti-pseudomonas agents was found among IN isolates (35-60%), followed by DRC (18-50%) and CH (12-54%). CTX-M was the most frequent β-lactamase found in CH (47% of isolates), while VIM-1 was dominant in isolates from DRC (61%) and IN (29%). NDM-1 was found in 29% of the total IN isolates and surprisingly also in 6% of CH isolates. Chromosomally-encoded efflux mechanisms were overexpressed in P. aeruginosa isolates from all three geographic locations. In vitro conjugative transfers of antibiotic resistance plasmids occurred more frequently under tropical temperatures (30 and 37 °C) than under temperate conditions (10 °C). The presence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and Metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) in the isolates from environmental samples has important implications for humans who depend on public water supply and sanitation facilities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a comparison between treated/untreated effluents from urban and hospital settings as a source of microbial resistance by evaluating the aquatic ecosystems sediments from tropical and temperate climate conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems sediments receiving untreated/treated wastewater and how these contemporary sources of contamination, contribute to the spread of microbial resistance in the aquatic environment. This research presents also useful tools to evaluate sediment quality in the receiving river/reservoir systems which can be applied to similar environments.

Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives

“…The aquatic environment is considered as an important point for acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance genes by bacteria ( Devarajan et al., 2017 ). Studies ( Caplin et al., 2008 , Devarajan et al., 2017 ) demonstrated a widespread presence of antibiotic resistance determinants in aquatic sediment ecosystems. Devarajan et al.…”

Semiautomated detection ofPseudomonas aeruginosafrom diverse water samples using highly selective Z-broth and a redox potential monitor

“…Few data are revealed publicly on costs of treatments of nosocomial P. aeruginosa infection, costs of infection control, or about the liability burdens from chronic or fatal P. aeruginosa nosocomial infections but they can be estimated to be significant (Nathwani et al, 2014). Investigations into nosocomial cases brought attention to high rate of P. aeruginosa transmission by contaminated water (Breathnach et al, 2012, Salm et al, 2016, Amoreux et al, 2017, Devarajan 2017. Washing sinks, showers, toilets used by patients were often contaminated with P. aeruginosa even if cleaned twice daily using quternary-ammonium based formulations (Salm et al, 2016, Amoreux et al, 2017.…”

Use of the PCR-DGGE Method for the Analysis of the Bacterial Community Structure in Soil Treated With the Cephalosporin Antibiotic Cefuroxime and/or Inoculated With a Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas putida Strain MC1

“…Strain MC1 identified as Pseudomonas putida was isolated in this study. P. putida was considered as bacteria with low pathogenicity and generally sensitive to antibiotics belonging to different classes (Luczkiewicz et al, 2015 ; Devarajan et al, 2017 ). The highest sensitivity of P. putida MC1 was determined for CI, SM, and TC.…”

“…Unfortunately, there is no published data on XM concentrations in soils. However, it may be expected that the introduction of XM into soil may select XM-resistant bacteria and spread the resistance to XM to the bacteria in the environment (Rahube et al, 2014 ; Luczkiewicz et al, 2015 ; Kittinger et al, 2016 ; Devarajan et al, 2017 ).…”