Antibiotic’s effectiveness after erupted tooth extractions: A retrospective study

Abstract

Objective The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the influence of antibiotics on the development of alveolitis after tooth extractions. Materials and Methods The study population consisted of patients who had erupted tooth extractions in 3 centers. The patients’ medical records were collected for several parameters. Moreover, use of antibiotics was evaluated. The primary outcome was the development of alveolitis during the postoperative period. The secondary outcome measure was the possible associations between alveolitis and other patients’ characteristics. Results A total of 1579 patient charts were screened. The patients enrolled in the study were 418 (159 males and 259 females). Alveolitis was reported for 12 extraction sites (2.87%). Six were in the group of patients that received antibiotics (2.14% out of 280 patients treated with antibiotics), and six were in the group of patients that did not receive antibiotics (4.35% out of 138 patients not receiving antibiotics). None of patient‐level parameters showed any significant association with the development of alveolitis. Conclusion In conclusion, this study showed that the use of antibiotics after erupted tooth extractions is not useful in preventing alveolitis. Larger, prospective, and randomized studies are needed before incorporating these findings into the daily clinical practice.

Antibiotics to Prevent Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in Oral Surgery: Survey among Italian Dentists

“…There are few studies on the efficacy of AP for the extraction of normally erupted teeth. In a recent retrospective study [ 12 ] on 418 patients who underwent non-surgical extractions, 280 received antibiotics, whereas 138 did not receive any medication. Only 12 total cases of alveolitis were reported (2.87%), with half of those cases receiving antibiotics.…”

“…It is important to note that, with the exception of cardiac conditions at the highest risk of infective endocarditis [ 14 , 15 ], common cardiovascular conditions such as arterial hypertension are not an indication for AP [ 16 ]. Moreover, there are currently no evident correlations between old age and an increased risk of post-extractive infections [ 12 ].…”

“…Though it is good practice and common sense to perform an oral hygiene session in the case of plaque and calculus deposits, no study has investigated the relation between oral hygiene and postoperative infections in dentistry, and there is no evidence that antibiotics can reduce the risk of infection in cases of low compliance and scarce oral hygiene. Similarly, since the use of hemostatic materials or sutures (C3) in non-surgical extractions does not increase the risk of SSI [ 12 ], the use of antibiotics is not justified, as indicated by 82.2% of the participants. Conversely, in the case of ridge preservation procedures with bone grafting (C4), 83.4% of participants agreed on the need for antibiotics, though literature data are scarce and conflicting on this issue [ 39 , 40 ], and it has been suggested that a single preoperative dose (2 or 3 g of amoxicillin) would be sufficient to prevent SSI after bone regeneration procedures [ 41 ].…”

Postextractional pain management

“…Objawy pojawiają się między 1. a 3. dniem po ekstrakcji. Pacjent zgłasza silny ból ograniczony do miejsca zabiegu, nieprzyjemny posmak w ustach, w badaniu klinicznym stwierdza się przykry zapach z ust (halitozę), powiększenie i wrażliwość węzłów chłonnych podżuchwowych, a zaczerwieniona śluzówka podczas palpacji jest tkliwa [4,8,10]. Przyczyną tej patologii jest utrata skrzepu, który jest najlepszym, biologicznym opatrunkiem dla zębodołu, i następujący rozwój stanu zapalnego [4,9].…”

“…Przy takim postępowaniu dolegliwości ustępują po 7-14 dniach [10]. Natomiast asekuracyjne podawanie antybiotyku celem zapobieżenia powikłaniom pozabiegowym, w tym zapaleniu kości zębodołu czy ograniczenia wystąpienia bólu poekstrakcyjnego, nie ma uzasadnienia, jest postępowaniem błędnym i nieskutecznym [4,30].…”