Antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli and Salmonella isolated from different water sources in Kashmir, India

Rather, Tanveer Ahmad; Hussain, Syed Md Akram; Bhat, Shakoor Ahmad; Nazir, Shahid; Arshid, Syed; Shahnawaz, Mir

doi:10.1007/s00580-012-1474-x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results corroborate with previous studies ( Siddiqui et al, 2018 , Azam et al, 2016 ). A report carried on antimicrobial resistance in water bodies of Kashmir valley revealed that about 7% of E. coli are resistant to cephalosporins, third-generation antibiotics ( Rather et al, 2013 ). Another report published by Dr. Nisarul Hassan (2016) stated that 80% of bacteria isolated from SKIMS hospital ICUs were resistant to imipenem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial isolates harboring antibiotics and heavy-metal resistance genes co-existing with mobile genetic elements in natural aquatic water bodies

Sultan

Ali

Gogry

et al. 2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and contamination of water bodies is a serious issue that demands immense attention of scientific acumen. Here, we examined the pervasiveness of ESBL producing bacteria in Dal Lake and Wular Lake of Kashmir valley, India. Isolates were screened for antibiotic, heavy metal resistant elements, and their coexistence with mobile genetic elements. Out of two hundred one isolates screened, thirty-eight were found positive for ESBL production. Antibiotic profiling of ESBL positive isolates with 16 different drugs representing β-lactam or -non-β-lactam, exhibited multidrug resistance phenotype among 55% isolates. Molecular characterization revealed the occurrence of drug resistance determinants blaTEM, AmpC, qnrS, and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) merB , merP, merT, silE, silP, silS, and arsC . Furthermore, mobile genetic elements IntI, SulI, ISecp1, TN3, TN21 were also detected. Conjugation assay confirmed the transfer of different ARGs, HMRGs, and mobile elements in recipient Escherichia coli J53 AZ R strain. Plasmid incompatibility studies showed blaTEM to be associated with Inc groups B/O, HI1, HI2, I1, N, FIA, and FIB. Co-occurrence of bla TEM, HMRGs, and mobile elements from the aquatic milieu of Kashmir, India has not been reported so far. From this study, the detection of the bla TEM gene in the bacteria Bacillus simplex and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans are found for the first time. Considering all the facts it becomes crucial to conduct studies in natural aquatic environments that could help depict the epidemiological situations in which the resistance mechanism might have clinical relevance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial isolates harboring antibiotics and heavy-metal resistance genes co-existing with mobile genetic elements in natural aquatic water bodies

Sultan

Ali

Gogry

et al. 2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Of the 283 E. coli isolates from the south Indian river Cauvery in Karnataka, 100 per cent were resistant to third generation cephalosporin24. The groundwater and surface water that are used for drinking and recreational purposes have been reported with 17 per cent rate of E. coli , resistant to third generation cephalosporin, in central India25, seven per cent in north India (Kashmir)26, 50 per cent in east India (Sikkim)27 and 100 per cent in south India (Hyderabad)28. The samples in these studies were collected from water sources like rivers, ponds, lakes, springs, hand pumps and tube-wells.…”

Section: Reported Rate Of Amr In India: the Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in the environment

Taneja

Sharma

2019

Indian Journal of Medical Research

196

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to pose a significant public health problem in terms of mortality and economic loss. Health authorities of several countries including India have formulated action plans for its containment. In this fight against AMR, it is important to realize the contribution by all the following four spheres: humans, animals, food and environment. This review incorporates all the spheres of One Health concept from the Indian perspective. India has one of the highest rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents used both in humans and food animals. The environment, especially the water bodies, have also reported the presence of resistant organisms or their genes. Specific socio-economic and cultural factors prevalent in India make the containment of resistance more challenging. Injudicious use of antimicrobials and inadequate treatment of waste waters are important drivers of AMR in India. Use of sludge in agriculture, improper discard of livestock animals and aquaculture industry are considered AMR contributors in other countries but Indian data regarding these are lacking. Efforts to combat AMR have been initiated by the Indian health authorities but are still at preliminary stages. Keeping in view the challenges unique to India, future directions are proposed.

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“…Several workers reported varying concentration of drug resistant gram-negative bacteria from sacred rivers (Ganges and Yamuna) in northern India [35,36], E. coli isolates with 100% resistant to third generation cephalosporins in south Indian river Cauvery in Karnataka [37]. From Central India, 17% rate of E. coli resistant to third generation cephalosporin were found in groundwater and surface water used for drinking and recreational purposes [38], 7% in north India (Kashmir) [39], 50 per cent in east India (Sikkim) [40] and 100 per cent in south India (Hyderabad) [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacterial pathogens from diverse environmental niches of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh (India)

Bharti

Bali

Minhas

2023

Preprint

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerged as a major challenge to public health and significantly impacting the global economy. Infections due to multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are difficult to treat and cause financial burden on patients. Environment may serve as a genetic pool of several drug resistant genes and help bacteria to emerge as notorious superbugs. This study aims to characterize MDR bacterial isolates from environmental samples and comparative analysis of MDR and multi-drug sensitive (MDS) strains for the expression of virulence factors. Twenty six (n = 26) different environmental samples (water, soil, air and surface) were collected for the purpose. Thirty (n = 30) bacterial isolates belong to 13 different genera (Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Bacillus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Shigella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptobacillus spp. and Proteus spp.) were identified. All recovered isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides class of antibiotics tested. The most frequently isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus (23.33%) and recovered from all environmental sources except water. Overall 63.33% (19/30) bacterial isolates were MDR, of which, 73.68% (14/19) were extensively drug resistant (XDR). Incidence of MDR and XDR phenotype was higher among isolates recovered from water samples and least among surface samples. Biofilm production was observed in all the isolates as weak (53.34%) and moderate (46.66%). MDR plus XDR phenotype was observed among 42.85% (6/14) of the moderate biofilm producers. Statistically, no significant difference was observed between MDR and MDS isolates for the expression of virulence traits (p > 0.05 for calculated χ2 of 8.496).

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Antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli and Salmonella isolated from different water sources in Kashmir, India

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Bacterial isolates harboring antibiotics and heavy-metal resistance genes co-existing with mobile genetic elements in natural aquatic water bodies

Bacterial isolates harboring antibiotics and heavy-metal resistance genes co-existing with mobile genetic elements in natural aquatic water bodies

Antimicrobial resistance in the environment

Isolation and characterization of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacterial pathogens from diverse environmental niches of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh (India)

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