Antibiotic susceptibility among non-clinical Escherichia coli as a marker of antibiotic pressure in Peru (2009–2019): one health approach

Castillo, Angie K.; Espinoza, Kathya; Chaves, Antony F.; Guibert, Fernando; Ruiz, Joaquı́m; Pons, María J.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10573

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies characterizing resistance levels and mechanisms in E. coli recovered from companion animals in Peru are scarce [ 8 ]. However, studies conducted in Cajamarca (Northern Peru) [ 33 ] showed resistance levels of 61% for streptomycin and 51% for ampicillin, the antibiotics most commonly used in daily clinical practice in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, scientific literature on this critical problem is scarce. In Peru, studies on the frequency of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and their risk factors in companion animals are limited [ 8 ]. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine AMR levels and its risk factors in dogs from veterinary clinics in Lima, Peru.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Escherichia coli is a common member of the intestinal microbiota of humans and companion animals and is involved in many intestinal and extraintestinal infections [6,7]. Because of its ubiquity and high facility for acquiring AMR genes, it is a good marker of antibiotic resistance [6][7][8]. In recent years, the emergence and rapid dissemination of E. coli producers of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) [9,10], carbapenemases [11,12], and even the harboring of genes of resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as colistin [13] have become a paramount concern for animal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin

Ventura,

Oporto-Llerena,

Espinoza

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Established antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in companion animals is lacking, particularly in low-middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to analyze AMR and its risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs at two veterinary centers in Lima (Peru). Materials and Methods: Ninety dogs were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility was established by disk diffusion, whereas microdilution was used to determine colistin susceptibility. Mechanisms related to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and colistin resistance were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Clonal relationships of colistin-resistant isolates were assessed by XbaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: Thirty-five E. coli strains were isolated. High levels of resistance to ampicillin (57.1%), nalidixic acid (54.3%), tetracycline (48.6%), and azithromycin (25.7%) were detected. Cephalosporin resistance levels were ≥20% and those for colistin were 14.3%. Twelve (34.2%) isolates were ESBL producers; of these, six blaCTX-M-55 (50.0%), 2 (16.6%) blaCTX-M-15, and 2 (16.6%) blaCTX-M-8-like genes were found. The five colistin-resistant isolates were clonally unrelated, with four of them presenting amino acid codon substitutions in the mgrB gene (V8A) or mutations in the mgrB promoter (a12g, g98t, and c89t). Furthermore, dog age, <6 years (p = 0.027) and raw diet (p = 0.054) were associated with resistance to a greater number of antibiotic families. Conclusion: Despite small number of samples included, the study found that dogs studied were carriers of multidrug-resistant E. coli, including last-resort antimicrobials, representing a public health problem due to close contact between dogs and humans. This issue suggests the need for larger studies addressed to design strategies to prevent the spread of resistant micro-organisms in small animal clinics and domestic settings. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, colistin, dogs, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, Peru, risk factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin

Ventura,

Oporto-Llerena,

Espinoza

et al. 2024

Vet World

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“…Currently quinolone resistance levels are worrying, with descriptions of quinolone-resistant microorganisms in clinical settings, food samples, livestock, wild animals or environments (Pons et al, 2014;Palma et al, 2017;Castillo et al, 2022;Ymaña et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance are more frequent among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates displaying low-level quinolone resistance

A.M.

2023

Trop Biomed

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This study analysed the mechanisms of quinolone resistance among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in a periurban area of Lima, Peru. The susceptibility to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, the role of Phe-Arg-b-Naphtylamyde inhibitable-(PAbN) efflux pumps, the presence of mutations in gyrA and parC as well as the presence of aac(6') Ib-cr, qepA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrVC and oqxAB were determined in 31 ETEC from previous case/control studies of children's diarrhoea. Discordances between disk diffusion, with all isolates showing intermediate or fully resistance to nalidixic acid, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), with 7 isolates being below considered resistance breakpoint, were observed. Twenty-one isolates possessed gyrA mutations (19 S 83 L, 2 S 83 A). AAC(6') Ib-cr, QnrS, QnrB and QepA were found in 7, 6, 2 and 1 isolates respectively, with 3 isolates presenting 2 transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) concomitantly. TMQR were more frequent among isolates with MIC to nalidixic acid ranging from 2 to 16 mg/L (p=0.03), while gyrA mutations were more frequent among isolates with nalidixic acid MIC > 128 mg/L (p=0.0002). In summary, the mechanisms of quinolone resistance present in ETEC isolates in Peru have been described. Differences in the prevalence of underlying mechanisms associated with final MIC levels were observed. The results suggest two different evolutive strategies to survive in the presence of quinolones related to specific bacterial genetic background.

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“…Cabe señalar que no solo los microorganismos patógenos son relevantes en la movilización de mecanismos de resistencia, sino también bacterias comensales como Escherichia coli, la cual es considerada una de las especies más representativas de la microbiota del intestino tanto en humanos como en animales (12) . La presencia de E. coli se utiliza como indicador de la calidad del agua, de los alimentos y algunos patotipos factores de virulencia asociados a diarrea (E. coli diarreogenica).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Resistencia a cefalosporinas y quinolonas en <i>Escherichia coli</i> aisladas de agua de riego en río Rímac de Lima Este, Perú

Huamán Iturrizaga,

Salvador-Luján,

Morales

et al. 2024

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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Objetivos. Evaluar la presencia y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas de 24 muestras de agua de riego del río Rímac de Lima Este, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Las cepas de E. coli fueron identificadas por PCR. La susceptibilidad a los antibióticos se procesaron por el método de difusión en disco. Los genes implicados en betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), quinolonas y virulencia se determinaron por PCR. Resultados. Todas las muestras superaron los límites permisibles establecidos en las Normas de Calidad Ambiental para el riego de hortalizas. De los 94 aisaldos, el 72,3% mostró resistencia al menos a un antibiótico, el 24,5% eran multirresistentes (MDR) y el 2,1% extremadamente resistentes. Los mayores porcentajes de resistencia se observaron para ampicilina-sulbactam (57,1%), el ácido nalidíxico (50%), trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (35,5%) y ciprofloxacino (20,4%). Entre los aislados, el 3,2% presentaba fenotipo BLEE relacionado con el gen bla CTX-M-15. Los mecanismos transferibles de resistencia a las quinolonas, qnrB fueron más frecuentes (20,4%), y el 2,04% tenían el qnrS. Se calcularon que el 5,3% eran E. coli diarreagénicas y de estas, el 60% eran E. coli enterotoxigénicas, el 20% E. coli enteropatógenas y el 20% E. coli enteroagregantes. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran la existencia de patotipos diarreogénicos en el agua utilizada para el riego de productos frescos y destaca la presencia de E. coli productores de BLEE y MDR, demostrando el papel que juega el agua de riego en la diseminación de genes de resistencia en el Perú.

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Antibiotic susceptibility among non-clinical Escherichia coli as a marker of antibiotic pressure in Peru (2009–2019): one health approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin

Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin

Transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance are more frequent among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates displaying low-level quinolone resistance

Resistencia a cefalosporinas y quinolonas en <i>Escherichia coli</i> aisladas de agua de riego en río Rímac de Lima Este, Perú

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