Antibiotic Susceptibility of Anaerobic Ruminal Bacteria1

Fulghum, Robert S.; Baldwin, Beverly B.; Williams, Phletus P.

doi:10.1128/aem.16.2.301-307.1968

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Finally, variability between ewes 1 and 2 appeared to increase by 8 days. This increase in variability has also been seen for pure cultures with long incubation times, indicating adaptation to, or detoxification of, the AA (14).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of antibacterial agents on in vitro ovine ruminal biotransformation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine

Wachenheim

Blythe

Craig

1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Ingestion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, naturally occurring plant toxins, causes illness and death in a number of animal species. Senecio jacobaea pyrrolizidine alkaloids cause significant economic losses due to livestock poisoning, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Some sheep are resistant to pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning, because ovine ruminal biotransformation detoxifies free pyrrolizidine alkaloids in digesta. Antibacterial agents modify ruminal fermentation. Pretreatment with antibacterial agents may account for some animal variability in resistance to pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis, and antibacterial agents can also be used for characterizing ruminal pyrrolizidine alkaloid-biotransforming microflora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of antibacterial agents on biotransformation of a predominant S. jacobaea pyrrolizidine alkaloid, jacobine, in ovine ruminal contents. Ovine ruminal jacobine biotransformation was tested in vitro with 20 independent antibacterial agents. Low amounts of rifampin and erythromycin prevented jacobine biotransformation. Chlortetracycline, lasalocid, monensin, penicillin G, and tetracycline were slightly less effective at inhibiting jacobine biotransformation. Bacitracin, crystal violet, kanamycin, and neomycin were moderately inhibitory against jacobine biotransformation. Brilliant green, chloramphenicol, gramicidin, nalidixic acid, polymyxin B SO4, sodium azide, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and vancomycin had little to no effect on jacobine biotransformation. The antibiotics that were most effective at inhibiting biotransformation were those that are active against gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, gram-positive bacteria are most likely critical members of the jacobine-biotransforming consortia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of antibacterial agents on in vitro ovine ruminal biotransformation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine

Wachenheim

Blythe

Craig

1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Direct observations of reduced diet digestibility to feeding neomycin or oxytetracycline have not been reported in the literature, but some in vitro culture data have shown mixed results on cellulose digestibility. Fulghum et al (1968) showed major cellulolytic species of rumen bacteria were susceptible to oxytetracycline, but not neomycin. Baldwin et al (1982) reported chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and penicillin at 2.5 μg/mL concentrations inhibited in vitro cellulose degradation in mixed rumen cultures.…”

Section: Effects Of Antibiotics In Milk Replacer On Performance and Dmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of milk replacer feeding rate and long-term antibiotic inclusion in milk replacer on performance and nutrient digestibility of Holstein dairy calves up to 4 months of age

Dennis

Suarez-Mena

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate calf performance and diet digestibility when feeding a milk replacer (MR; 25% crude protein, 18% fat, dry matter basis) at a moderate (MOD) and high (HI) rate, along with MOD with neomycin-oxytetracycline inclusion (1.43 each g/kg; NTMOD). Male Holstein calves (n = 48; 45 ± 1.0 kg of body weight; 3 to 4 d of age) were housed in individual pens for 56 d. All calves were initially fed 0.66 kg of dry matter from MR for the first p.m. and following a.m. feeding, then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 feeding programs: (1) 0.66 kg of dry matter/d for first 39 d divided into 2 equal a.m. and p.m. meals and 0.33 kg for 3 d fed once daily in the a.m. feeding only (MOD, NTMOD); (2) 0.85 kg of dry matter/d for the first 4 d divided into 2 equal a.m. and p.m. meals, 1.07 kg of dry matter/d for the next 31 d divided into 2 equal a.m. and p.m. meals, and 0.48 kg for 7 d fed once daily in the a.m. feeding only (HI). Calves were fed a textured starter containing whole grains (20% crude protein, 43% starch, dry matter basis). Fecal samples were collected for 5 individual calves per treatment between d 47 to 51 to estimate digestibility. Calves were moved into groups by treatment (4 calves/pen) at 56 d and fed the same starter blended with 5% hay until d 112. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with repeated measures when applicable using mixed models. Milk replacer dry matter intake averaged 27.4 kg for MOD and NTMOD and 40.3 kg for HI per calf. Preweaning starter intake was less for calves fed HI versus MOD. Preweaning calf BCS change was greater for calves fed HI versus MOD. Preweaning medical treatment days were fewer for calves fed NTMOD versus MOD. Postweaning starter intake was less for calves fed HI versus MOD. Postweaning average daily gain was less for calves fed NTMOD versus MOD. Over the 56-d nursery trial, calves fed HI had less starter intake than calves fed MOD. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber were greater for calves fed MOD versus NTMOD or HI during d 47 to 51 postweaning. Additionally, digestibility of fat was greater for calves fed MOD versus HI. During d 56 to 112, hip width change was greater for calves fed MOD versus NTMOD or HI. Over 0 to 112 d, body weight gain was 100, 98, and 102 kg, whereas hip width change was 10.2, 9.0, and 9.2 cm for calves fed MOD, NTMOD, and HI, respectively. Any preweaning improvements from feeding NTMOD or HI over MOD were lost during the postweaning period, which could be partially explained by reductions in diet digestibility.

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“…Studies on the resistance of rumen bacteria to antibiotics suggest that most of the common rumen species are sensitive to tetracycline (El Akkad & Hobson 1966;Fulghum et al 1968). However, recent studies on the anaerobic rumen bacterium Bacteroides ruminicola have established that at least one strain is resistant to tetracycline (Flint & Stewart 1987), furthermore this resistance is plasmid-encoded (Flint et al 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The isolation of tetracycline-resistant strains of strictly anaerobic bacteria from the rumen

Flint¹,

Duncan²,

Bisset³

et al. 1988

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Tetracycline resistant (TcR) strains of three of the major species of strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria Megasphaera elsdenii, Selenomonas ruminantium and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, were recovered with an isolation medium containing 20 μg/ml tetracycline. Only two of 14 strains of these species from other sources, isolated without antibiotic selection, showed tetracycline resistance. Evidence was found for the presence of plasmids in two tetracycline‐resistant strains of M. elsdenii, and in some strains of S. ruminantium.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Anaerobic Ruminal Bacteria1

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of antibacterial agents on in vitro ovine ruminal biotransformation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine

Effects of antibacterial agents on in vitro ovine ruminal biotransformation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine

Effects of milk replacer feeding rate and long-term antibiotic inclusion in milk replacer on performance and nutrient digestibility of Holstein dairy calves up to 4 months of age

The isolation of tetracycline-resistant strains of strictly anaerobic bacteria from the rumen

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