Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococci Isolates from Patients with Chronic Conjunctivitis: Including Associated Factors and Clinical Evaluation

Abstract

Purpose: To determine species of staphylococci in chronic conjunctivitis, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, patient treatments, clinical course, and clinical conditions. Methods: In this prospective study, 243 conjunctival cultures were taken from 191 patients with chronic conjunctivitis, we obtained staphylococci susceptibility patterns with E-test, and they were analyzed in coagulasepositive and negative. The minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates (MIC90) was determined for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Additionally, clinical follow-up and associated factors of all patients were analyzed depending on methicillin resistance (MR) or susceptibility (MS) bacterial state. Results: One hundred and eight (44%) cultures were positive; 81 positive cultures were Gram-positive of which, 77 were staphylococci, 29 coagulase-positive with S. aureus as the most prevalent, 89% MS, and 11% MR. And 48 were coagulase-negative with S. epidermidis as the most isolated with 36% of MS and 64% of MR. Poor susceptibility was found in the staphylococcus coagulase-negative/MR group. Moxifloxacin and vancomycin show the best in vitro activity for all isolates. The MIC90 of moxifloxacin and vancomycin were 0.064/1.5, 0.64/3.0, and 1/3.0 for S. aureus-MS, S. epidermidis-MS, and S. epidermidis-MR, respectively. The most frequently associated factors found in patients with positive culture for staphylococcus were exposure to the health care system 23 (29.87%) of 77 patients and dry eye 23 (29.87%) of 77 patients. Both with a proportion of 3 in 10. Conclusion: Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated from the conjunctiva with 58.33% of MR; even though multiresistance was detected, their susceptibility to a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, commonly used, such as moxifloxacin, was preserved.

Ocular bacterial infections at Quiha Ophthalmic Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: an evaluation according to the risk factors and the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates

“…Overall, the predominant bacterial isolate was S. aureus (21.5%), as has been reported in Jimma (28.4%) [6], Gondar (21%) [10], Nigeria (23.7%) [23], and India (26.6%) [47]. Staphylococcal isolates were predominant among patients with conjunctivitis, blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis diagnoses, similar to that in patients from Jimma [6], Nigeria [23], and Columbia [48]. Conversely,, CoNS isolates were more frequent in keratitis (17%) and endophthalmitis (28.6%) diagnoses, as has been reported in Uganda [49], Mexico [50], Australia [8], Pakistan [51] and India [52].…”

Bacterial profile of ocular infections: a systematic review

“…This has been evidenced in post-traumatic infections of Staphylococci , Streptococci , B. cereus and many other gram negative organisms mentioned in this review [ 28 , 68 ]. Bacteria such as P. aeruginosa are resistant to lens cleaning solutions where they adhere and spread through the formation of lipid rafts in contact lens users [ 12 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Bacterial Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Ocular Infection: Differences between External and Intraocular Diseases

“…In the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Adebayo and colleagues reviewed 12 years of data from their hospital and found that, among 20,180 conjunctival bacterial cultures, 60.1% were culture-positive and S. aureus was the most common pathogen; in addition, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin currently appear to be the best choice for empirical broad-spectrum coverage [ 7 ]. Additionally, other reports on the ocular bacterial infection and antibiotic susceptibility have been reported in the literature from various countries, like Colombia [ 8 ], Pakistan [ 9 ], Italy [ 10 ], and Uganda [ 11 ], among other locations.…”