Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from microbial keratitis in North and Central India: A multi centric study

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine microbiological profile with their antibiotic sensitivity in cases of bacterial keratitis in north and central India to ensure appropriate use of antibiotics. Methods: The microbiology laboratory records of 228 patients with culture-proven bacterial keratitis from 1 st January to 31 st December 2019 were analyzed. Cultured bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of corneal ulcer. Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test were applied to check the significance of difference between the susceptibility levels of antibiotics. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa –induced keratitis was higher in northern India, whereas that by Streptococcus pneumoniae was more prevalent in central India. In central India, 100% of S. pneumoniae isolates were found to be sensitive to ceftriaxone compared to 79% in northern India ( P = 0.017). In comparison to 67% of isolates from north India, 15% of S. aureus isolates from central India were found to be sensitive to ofloxacin ( P = 0.009). Similarly, 23% of isolates from central India were found sensitive to amikacin compared to 65% of isolates from north India ( P = 0.012). P. aeruginosa isolates from central India were found to be sensitive to ceftazidime in 63% of cases compared to 21% of isolates from north India ( P = 0.034). Conclusion: Prevalence of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics are not uniform across geography. Vancomycin remained the most effective drug in all gram-positive coccal infections. S . aureus susceptibility to amikacin was significantly greater in north India. P . aeruginosa showed less susceptibility as compared to previous reports.

A comparison of antimicrobial regimen outcomes and antibiogram development in microbial keratitis: a prospective cohort study in Alexandria, Egypt

“…The development of MDR keratitis could be attributed to the widespread use of the broad-spectrum antibiotics in the prophylaxis and treatment of MK [ 26 ]. In our developed antibiogram, susceptibilities of isolated PA to MOX (66.7%), tobramycin (55.6%), and CAZ (16.7%) were supported by the susceptibilities reported by Khurana et al reaching 50%, 61%, and 21% to the mentioned antibiotics, respectively [ 37 ]. Gram-negative bacteria exhibited greater susceptibility to gatifloxacin (90.9%) than to MOX (57.1%), where the isolated PA showed 100% susceptibility to gatifloxacin, a finding which is supported by the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) study conducted in the USA (94.3%) [ 38 ], and with previous studies reporting that gatifloxacin has twice the in vitro activity against ocular PA as compared to MOX [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Harnessing Generalizable Real-World Ophthalmic Big Data: Descriptive Analysis of the Bodhya Eye Consortium Model for Collaborative Research

“…Furthermore, the use of proforma driven data recorded during consultations meant that although this was a retrospective study, the low (2%) patient exclusion rates, made the research valuable in the field, subverting the need for techniques to overcome data "missingness" [25]. Currently, there are almost thirty more studies underway, at various stages of the writing and submission process, with six already published, and two more accepted [11][12][13][14][15][16]. While at present the consortium is in a nascent stage and the impact of its research is being measured primarily thorugh publications, in the medium to long term, as we grow more impactful in terms of health policy and behaviour, we will expand our considerations to not only include impact factors but also other relevant factors.…”

“…The data that needed to excluded because of quality was less than 2%. Since then the collaborative efforts have led to the successful completion of various research projects based on retrospective and prospectively collected data: a further eight peer-reviewed studies have been published or accepted by international and national journals [11][12][13][14][15][16]. At present the consortium's research effectiveness is measured through its ability to publish such high-quality research.…”