Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of
            <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i>

Aubry, Alexandra; Jarlier, Vincent; Escolano, Sylvie; Truffot-Pernot, C.; Cambau, Emmanuelle

doi:10.1128/aac.44.11.3133-3136.2000

Cited by 116 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In comparison, MICs to rifampin were consistently low, ranging from 0.25 g/ml to 0.50 g/ml (MIC 50 ) and 0.5 g/ml to 3 g/ml (MIC 90 ). Resistance to rifampin was not observed in either study (1,2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Case of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Unusual Patterns of Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

Parrish

Dionne

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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Mycobacterium marinum, found commonly in salt water and freshwater, is the causative agent of disease in many species of fish and occasionally in humans. MICs to most antimicrobial agents are relatively low. Susceptibility testing is not routinely performed, and single-drug therapy is used for the treatment of most infections. Here, we report an infection caused by a drug-resistant M. marinum strain in an otherwise healthy patient. CASE REPORTA 45-year-old healthy man sought medical care following a fish hook injury to the right third metacarpal area. Over the course of 10 to 14 days, he developed a tender lump over the right third metacarpal joint, which became increasingly tender to the touch. Otherwise, the patient was in good health, and his past medical history was unremarkable. On physical examination, he appeared well and was afebrile and in no acute distress. The examination of the hand was pertinent for no gross peritendinous fluid collection, tenosynovial thickening, or evidence of cellulitis. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) with and without contrast was obtained, indicating soft tissue swelling over the distal third metacarpal and proximal phalanx, with no evidence of osteomyelitis or abscess. Given the patient's history and recent fish hook injury, the possibility of an atypical mycobacterial infection was raised. An incisional biopsy was performed, and a small full-thickness ellipse of the inflamed skin was removed and sent to the laboratory for microscopy and culture. Additional skin samples were sent to pathology for histology and special stains. The patient was treated with doxycycline (100 mg orally [p.o.], twice daily) and topical mupirocin.Two weeks later, the patient returned for a follow-up visit. Physical examination revealed a residual, patchy, erythematous rash over the right third metacarpal, a small circular patchy rash over the right fourth metacarpal, and a similar rash over the dorsum of the right hand. These findings were clinically consistent with and interpreted as psoriasis. Examination of his trunk and extremities showed no other patches or lesions similar to those present on the right hand. He was advised to continue the doxycycline and follow up in 2 to 3 weeks. The patient was also given a prescription for 15 g of 0.05% fluocinonide (Lidex) ointment and instructed to use it sparingly on the affected area.Initial cultures of the wound material grew an acid-fast bacillus after 18 days of incubation at 37°C using LowensteinJensen medium. The patient returned 2 weeks after the prior visit and presented with a persistent, nonhealing, irregular erythematous nodule with a diminished plaque and an individual punctate elevation of the skin. He was advised to continue the doxycycline twice daily, and the fluocinonide was discontinued. Susceptibility testing on this isolate was requested and performed by a large reference laboratory according to established protocols using broth microdilution and a quality control strain of M. avium (ATCC 700898) susceptible to both doxycycline (MIC, 2...

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Case of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Unusual Patterns of Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

Parrish

Dionne

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The ensuing granulomatous infection generally limited to the skin and soft tissues extremities is pathologically indistinguishable from M. tuberculosis dermal disease (Travis et al 1985;MacGregor 1995). Like tuberculosis, fish tank granuloma can resolve spontaneously but frequently requires long-term antibiotic treatment owing to the infecting bacteria developing phenotypic antibiotic resistance in vivo (Aubry et al 2000(Aubry et al , 2002. M. marinum disease can be effectively treated with the anti-tuberculosis agents rifampin, ethambutol, and the quinolones, as well as other agents such as doxycyline and clarithromycin (Aubry et al 2000(Aubry et al , 2002.…”

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“…Like tuberculosis, fish tank granuloma can resolve spontaneously but frequently requires long-term antibiotic treatment owing to the infecting bacteria developing phenotypic antibiotic resistance in vivo (Aubry et al 2000(Aubry et al , 2002. M. marinum disease can be effectively treated with the anti-tuberculosis agents rifampin, ethambutol, and the quinolones, as well as other agents such as doxycyline and clarithromycin (Aubry et al 2000(Aubry et al , 2002. The systemic granulomatous disease caused by M. marinum in its poikilothermic hosts, for example, frogs and fish, also shares key histological features with human tuberculosis (Pozos and Ramakrishnan 2004;Swaim et al 2006).…”

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Insights from the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium marinum on the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Stinear¹,

Seemann²,

Harrison³

et al. 2008

Genome Res.

491

455

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Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. The genome of the M strain of M. marinum comprises a 6,636,827-bp circular chromosome with 5424 CDS, 10 prophages, and a 23-kb mercury-resistance plasmid. Prominent features are the very large number of genes (57) encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and the most extensive repertoire yet reported of the mycobacteria-restricted PE and PPE proteins, and related-ESX secretion systems. Some of the NRPS genes comprise a novel family and seem to have been acquired horizontally. M. marinum is used widely as a model organism to study M. tuberculosis pathogenesis, and genome comparisons confirmed the close genetic relationship between these two species, as they share 3000 orthologs with an average amino acid identity of 85%. Comparisons with the more distantly related Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis reveal how an ancestral generalist mycobacterium evolved into M. tuberculosis and M. marinum.

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“…Agents Chemother., abstr. F167, p. 142, 1995) and other mycobacteria (1,7,14). Oxazolidones have been reported to be effective against mycobacteria and also for treating complicated skin and soft tissue infections, facts that prompted us to select it for susceptibility testing against M. marinum (16,19).…”

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Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium marinum to Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin, Telithromycin, and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Synercid) Compared to Its Susceptibilities to Reference Macrolides and Quinolones

Bråbäck

Riesbeck

Forsgren

2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium marinum was determined. Quinupristin-dalfopristin and telithromycin were less active than clarithromycin. Linezolid showed good antimicrobial activity at clinically achievable concentrations. Gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin displayed activities similar to those of ciprofloxacin. Gemifloxacin was less active. The Etest method showed variable agreement with the reference method.Mycobacterium marinum was recognized as a human pathogen in 1959 (13). Infection occurs when traumatized skin is exposed to contaminated water and is usually localized to the skin of the upper extremity. The organism can also cause deep-tissue infection and, rarely, disseminated disease (4, 5, 6). The incubation period has been estimated to between 2 and 4 weeks, and the infection usually resolves spontaneously after 6 to 30 months. Since infection with M. marinum is quite rare and the organism is resistant to many conventional antimicrobial agents, optimal treatment has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of M. marinum to new antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the Etest method was evaluated.Of the strains tested, 43 were clinical isolates collected in Sweden from 1989 to 2001. M. marinum ATCC 2275 was also included as a reference strain. Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin were from Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany; clarithromycin was from Abbott, Queenborough, United Kingdom; erythromycin was from Astra, Södertälje, Sweden; gatifloxacin was from Grünenthal, Stolberg, Germany; gemifloxacin was from SmithKline Beecham, Munich, Germany; linezolid was from Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, Mich.; and levofloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and telithromycin were from Aventis Pharma, Vitry sur Seine, France.The MICs of the drugs were determined by using MuellerHinton agar supplemented with 5% OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase) (1). A multipoint inoculator was used to deliver approximately 10 4 to 10 5 CFU per spot to agar dilution plates containing antimicrobial agents in twofold dilutions. All the plates were incubated at 30°C for 7 days. The MICs for the M. marinum strains were defined as the lowest concentration allowing no visible growth at the spot of inoculation on the agar dilution plates. The MICs for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 21212 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 21213 were determined after 24 h and shown to be within reference values for all antibiotics. Etest strips were obtained from Biodisk (Solna, Sweden). The correlation of the results determined by the Etest method and the agar dilution method, used as a reference, was determined on the basis of the agreement, which was defined as the percentage of clinical isolates for which the MIC was the same within Ϯ1 log 2 dilution.The MICs of 10 antimicrobial agents determined by the agar dilution method are presented in Table 1. The MICs of clarithromycin (MIC at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited [MIC 50 ], 1 g/ml; MIC 90 , 1 g/ml) were lower than those for erythromycin...

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium marinum

Cited by 116 publications

References 28 publications

Case of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Unusual Patterns of Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

Case of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Unusual Patterns of Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

Insights from the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium marinum on the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium marinum to Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin, Telithromycin, and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Synercid) Compared to Its Susceptibilities to Reference Macrolides and Quinolones

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