Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns, Biofilm Formation and esp Gene among Clinical Enterococci: Is There Any Association?

Weng, Poh Leng; Ramli, Ramliza; Hamat, Rukman Awang

doi:10.3390/ijerph16183439

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Enterococcus are important opportunistic pathogens, with E. faecalis and E. faecium as the most representative species, causing a wide variety of infections. Many Enterococci have plasmid-encoded resistance genes which cause less susceptible to several antimicrobial agents intrinsically including gentamicin and cefradine [31][32][33]. Biofilm formation has been identified as an essential factor in the evasion of the host's immune response, the inhibitory or killing effects of antibiotics, and the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections [32,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many Enterococci have plasmid-encoded resistance genes which cause less susceptible to several antimicrobial agents intrinsically including gentamicin and cefradine [31][32][33]. Biofilm formation has been identified as an essential factor in the evasion of the host's immune response, the inhibitory or killing effects of antibiotics, and the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections [32,34]. In addition, Enterococci are recognized as possessing a variety of virulence factors, which contribute to the mediation of adhesion, colonization, and invasion into the host tissues, modulation of the host immunity, and extra-cellular production of enzymes and toxins [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota characteristics in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea

et al. 2020

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Background Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most common adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea. Results The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. PCoA showed a clear separation between AAD and health control. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). Among the genus with top 20 abundance, the relative abundance of 7 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Aerococcus, were enriched in the model group. Based upon the LEfSe analysis, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were identified as potential biomarkers for AAD. Conclusions The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota characteristics in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Enterococcus are important opportunistic pathogens, with E. faecalis and E. faecium as the most representative species, causing a wide variety of infections. Many Enterococci have plasmid-encoded resistance genes which cause less susceptible to several antimicrobial agents intrinsically including gentamicin and cefradine [31][32][33]. Bio lm formation has been identi ed as an essential factor in the evasion of the host's immune response, the inhibitory or killing effects of antibiotics, and the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections [32,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many Enterococci have plasmid-encoded resistance genes which cause less susceptible to several antimicrobial agents intrinsically including gentamicin and cefradine [31][32][33]. Bio lm formation has been identi ed as an essential factor in the evasion of the host's immune response, the inhibitory or killing effects of antibiotics, and the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections [32,34]. In addition, Enterococci are recognized as possessing a variety of virulence factors, which contribute to the mediation of adhesion, colonization, and invasion into the host tissues, modulation of the host immunity, and extra-cellular production of enzymes and toxins [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Characteristics in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Shao

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most commonly adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea. Results: The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. PCoA showed a clear separation between AAD and health control. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). Among the genus with top 20 abundance, the relative abundance of 7 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Aerococcus, were enriched in the model group. Based upon the LEfSe analysis, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were identified as potential biomarker for AAD. Conclusions: The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.

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“…form biofilms [1,6]. Compared to planktonic cells, enterococci in biofilms are more extremely resistant to antimicrobial agents [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antibacterial activity of telithromycin against Enterococcus spp. isolated from China

Xiong

Chen

Sun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Enterococci has resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials, and the treatment of enterococcal infection has always been an issue of concern. This study aimed to explore the new ketolides antimicrobials-telithromycin, against the planktonic cells and biofilms of enterococci. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of telithromycin was determined. The sequence types (STs) and genotypes of resistance to erythromycin in enterococci were detected. Furthermore, the effect of telithromycin against the biofilms of enterococci were investigated.Results: A total of 280 Enterococcus faecalis and 122 Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected from individual inpatients in China. Telithromycin showed excellent activity against the E. faecalis and E. faecium strains no matter sensitive or resistant to erythromycin with erm A, erm B or erm C, with the MIC50 at 2 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The predominant STs of E. faecalis isolates were ST16, ST30, ST179, and ST18, ST78, ST80 were the predominant STs of E. faecium isolates. Moreover, 87.1% (135/158) and 80.4% (41/51) isolates of the predominant STs carried the erm genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively. The subinhibitory concentration of telithromycin (at 1/4× and 1/8× MICs) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of 16 E. faecalis isolates. Telithromycin (at 8× MIC) indicated the removal effect on the established biofilms of 8 E. faecalis isolates, and combined with ampicillin eradicated more biofilms than telithromycin or ampicillin alone.Conclusion: Telithromycin showed an excellent activity against the planktonic cells of E. faecalis and E. faecium, and against the biofilms of E. faecalis.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns, Biofilm Formation and esp Gene among Clinical Enterococci: Is There Any Association?

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Gut microbiota characteristics in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Gut microbiota characteristics in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Gut Microbiota Characteristics in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

In vitro antibacterial activity of telithromycin against Enterococcus spp. isolated from China

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