Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in female outpatients

Shaifali, Iram; Gupta, Uma; Mahmood, Syed Esam; Ahmed, Jawed

doi:10.4103/1947-2714.94940

Cited by 188 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Current study observed high UTI in females of age group 13-40 years. This age group reported high risk for UTI cases and contribute highly sexually active women group (Dash et al, 2013;Nalini, Meenakshi, & Ramya, 2013;Shaifali, Gupta, Mahmood, & Ahmed, 2012). Nalini et al (2013) and Dash et al (2013) also presented the same results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Uropathogens Isolated from Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman

Khalid¹,

Naimi²,

Saleem³

et al. 2017

GJHS

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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a worldwide problem of all age groups and gender. Emerging resistance to antibiotics making difficult in the choice of treatment and management of UTI cases. This study sought to determine the gender wise prevalence of common uropathogens from UTI patients and the resistance profile of uropathogens against commonly used antibiotics. Method:This cross sectional study was conducted in Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman. The data of UTI patients visited hospital was analyzed for the isolation of uropathogens from positive urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel.Result: Total 4,480 urine samples were analyzed for isolation of uropathogens and significant bacteriuria were found in total 846 (19%) samples. Overall 728 (86%) Gram-negative and 118 (14%) Gram positive uropathogens were isolated from total (846) positive urine samples and the highest prevalence of isolates was observed in females 542(74%) than males 186(26%). E.coli was found the highest prevalent (50.3%) uropathogens followed by Klebsiella species (13.9%), Pseudomonas (6.3%), A.baumannii (4%), E.Cloacae (2.2%), Proteus species (1.4%), Citrobacter species (1.2%), M. morgani (0.3%) and Serratia species (0.1%). The highest (34.3%) antibiotic resistance was noticed in E.coli against Nalidixic Acid, however, susceptiblity was found against Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin among female and males. Conclusion:Overall, β-lactam antibiotics, Cephalosporins, Fluroquiolones, Macrobids would be the first line of drugs and the most effective for the empirical treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens; however Aminoglycosides, Carbapenems and Polymyxin could be used for the treatment of UTI infections as the second choice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Uropathogens Isolated from Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman

Khalid¹,

Naimi²,

Saleem³

et al. 2017

GJHS

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“…The present prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was lower than the prevalence figure reported from Ghana (29.9%) [24]. This variation may be explained by the differences in the environmental conditions, methodology adopted & characteristics of study populations such as social and food habits and the standard of personal hygiene [25]. The prevalence of bacteriuria among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women was 20.4% and 17.8% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This might be due to the relatively poor hygienic practices in periurban and rural areas [41, 42] and geographical difference [25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary pathogenic bacterial profile, antibiogram of isolates and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Gessese

Damessa²,

Amare

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. A study was conducted in pregnant women with the objectives of estimating prevalence of UTI, determining antibiogram of the bacterial isolates and assessment of the potential risk factors associated with UTI.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used to collect 300 mid-stream urine samples from pregnant women from March 2016 to December, 2016. Samples were inoculated into Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient medium (CLED). Colonies from CLED were subcultured onto MacConkey and Blood agar plates. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Chi-square (X 2 ) test & logistic regression were used to show associations between UTI and explanatory variables & identify the predictors of UTI, respectively.ResultsThe age of pregnant women enrolled in this study ranges from 16 to 46 years (mean ± standard deviation = 25 ± 4.7 years).The overall prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 18.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.4–23.54%).The prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic UTI was 20.4% (95% CI: 13.09–29.46%) and 17.8% (95% CI: 12.70–23.83%) respectively. The predominant bacteria identified were E. coli (46.4%), S. aureus (14.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococci [CoNS] (14.3%) and Proteus species (10.6%). Majority of Gram-negative bacteria isolates were resistant to ampicillin (70%), ceftriaxon (66%), gentamicin (68%) and nitrofurantoin (64%) while 75–100% of the Gram positive isolates were resistance to ampicillin. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all of the isolates. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the odds of acquiring UTI was 4.78 times higher in pregnant women earning monthly income of ≤500 Ethiopian Birr (21.18 USD) as compared to those earning monthly income >2001 Ethiopian Birr [84.79 USD] (P = 0.046). Similarly, the risk of UTI was higher in those who eat raw meat (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.83, P = 0.026) and had previous UTI history (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.15–4.56, P = 0.019) as compared to those who eat cooked meat and had no previous history of UTI.ConclusionsThe prevalence & antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens was high. Health education, continuous surveillance of UTI and their antimicrobial resistance pattern are essential to reduce the consequence of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria and multi-drug resistant bacteria in pregnant women.

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“…This result is in agreement with previous studies. [121923] Among sexually active young women the incidence of symptomatic UTI is high, and the risk is strongly associated with recent sexual intercourse, recent use of diaphragm with spermicide, and a history of recurrent UTIs. [24] Elderly males (≥68 years) had a higher incidence of CA-UTI (41.8%) when compared with the elderly females (10.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing urinary tract infections in a rural community of Odisha, India

Dash

Padhi

Mohanty

et al. 2013

J Fam Community Med

110

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Background:Antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. Empiric treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) is determined by antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens in a population of specific geographical location.Objectives:This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of CA-UTI in rural Odisha, India, and the effect of gender and age on its prevalence as well as etiologic agents and the resistance profile of the bacterial isolates.Materials and Methods:Consecutive clean-catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from 1670 adult patients. The urine samples were processed and microbial isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all bacterial isolates by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method.Results:The prevalence of UTI was significantly higher in females compared with males (females 45.2%, males 18.4%, OR = 2.041, 95% CI = 1.64-2.52, P ≤ 0.0001). Young females within the age group of 18-37 years and elderly males (≥68 years) showed high prevalence of UTI. Escherichia coli (68.8%) was the most prevalent isolate followed by Enterococcus spp. (9.7%). Amikacin and nitrofurantoin were the most active antimicrobial agents which showed low resistance rate of 5.8% and 9.8%, respectively.Conclusion:Our study revealed E. coli as the pre-dominant bacterial pathogen. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for uncomplicated CA-UTIs. In the Indian setting, routine urine cultures may be advisable, since treatment failure is likely to occur with commonly used antimicrobials. Therefore, development of regional surveillance programs is necessary for implementation of national CA-UTI guidelines.

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Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in female outpatients

Cited by 188 publications

References 18 publications

Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Uropathogens Isolated from Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman

Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Uropathogens Isolated from Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman

Urinary pathogenic bacterial profile, antibiogram of isolates and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing urinary tract infections in a rural community of Odisha, India

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