Antibiotic Use for Febrile Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital’s Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study

Asmaa, Yumna; Kakalia, Spenta; Irtza, Muhammad; Malik, Rahat; Jamshaid, Muqaddas; Farrukh, Huma

doi:10.7759/cureus.40356

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name in the two hospitals was lower than the approved standard of 100 % (10,12,18). Factors responsible for prescribing with brand names include promotional activities by companies, pressures from company representatives, lack of continuing education and training on rational prescribing principles and nonfamiliarity with generic names by most prescribers (7,14,16,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Antibiotics are one of the group of drugs involved in ADRs in children and are greatly misused and overprescribed in Nigeria (6,7,12). Roxithromycin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic and is not listed in the Nigerian National Essential Drug List (9,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular audit of prescriptions is essential in identifying the various types of non-rational prescribing such as polypharmacy, irrational use of antimicrobials and injectable among others (7). It is also necessary to describe trends and follow adherence to various treatment guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prescribing Patterns of Antibiotics Among The Pediatric Patients Attended The Outpatient Departments of The Tertiary Level Hospitals in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aminu,

Ishaq,

Rummana

et al. 2023

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Rationality analysis of the prescribing pattern of antibiotics for pediatric patients can help to point towards irrationality and can make a consensus among physicians for rational prescribing. This study was aimed at identifying the antibiotic prescription survey in pediatric outpatient prescriptions. This study was carried out in two hospitals namely; Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, and General Hospital Katsina Nigeria during the period of October to December 2019. A total of 600 prescriptions cumulatively were used as a sample and were selected using the convenience sampling technique. For data collection, a self-designed data collection sheet was used. WHO / INRUD prescribing indicators were used for the analysis of prescription patterns. A total of 600 prescriptions (364 from UDUTHS and 236 from GHKS) were selected and used for the study. Most of the patients admitted to the two selected hospitals were male. The patient’s ages varied from a few months to 12 years, with the majority aged 4 years or less (61.0%) of age. From the 600 prescriptions evaluated, 1564 drugs (912 from UDUTHS and 652 GHKS) were prescribed. The average number of drugs per encounter in UDUTHS and GHKS were 3.0±0.4 and 3.2±0.7 respectively. The percentages of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed in both hospitals were similar: 32.1% for UDUTHS and 31.1% for GHKS. Most antibiotics were targeted at respiratory tract infections Roxithromycin 126 (21.0%) was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic and was prescribed by the proprietary name. This study has revealed inappropriate drug prescriptions in the pediatric outpatient in these hospitals. These include the low rate of prescriptions in generic names; extensive polypharmacy; and inappropriate prescription of antibiotics which could lead to drug-drug interaction and adverse drug reaction is also evident in these hospitals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prescribing Patterns of Antibiotics Among The Pediatric Patients Attended The Outpatient Departments of The Tertiary Level Hospitals in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aminu,

Ishaq,

Rummana

et al. 2023

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The Diagnostic Association of Radiological and Clinicopathological Parameters in Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Asmaa,

Kakalia,

Irtza

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Globally, pneumonia is one of the significant causes of death in children under the age of five years. Assessment of disease severity is essential for clinical decision-making. Clinicians in resource-limited settings use the WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMNCI) guidelines to diagnose and treat pneumonia. Chest X-rays and blood biomarkers are frequently performed in children presenting with pneumonia, but their role in clinical decision-making is limited. Objective To evaluate the association of chest X-ray results, clinical parameters, and blood inflammatory biomarkers with the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children to decide which tests are helpful in accurately classifying the severity of pneumonia. Methods This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, among 421 children aged two months to five years who were admitted with complaints of cough and difficulty breathing and were COVID-19 negative. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, including demographic information and clinical categorization of pneumonia severity using WHO criteria, SpO 2 levels, chest X-rays, complete blood count (CBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels obtained within 24 hours of admission. Statistical evaluation of 323 children was done using SPSS version 26, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were applied to determine statistical significance. p-Value <0.05 was considered significant. Results The median age of the study population was eight months (IQR: 3-20 months); 113 (33.1%) were girls and 127 (37.2%) were underweight children. Eighteen (5.3%) patients had no pneumonia, 245 (71.8%) patients had non-severe pneumonia, and 78 (22.9%) patients had severe pneumonia. The clinical features of severe pneumonia were more common in children with radiologic findings of alveolar CAP than non-alveolar CAP (36.2% and 20%, respectively, p: 0.05). A higher percentage of patients with alveolar CAP had CRP >6 mg/dL than non-alveolar CAP (69.9% and 35%, respectively, p < 0.001). Patients with undernutrition (WAZ <-2 SD), hypoxemia (SpO 2 <95%), and having CRP >6 mg/dL were associated with clinical features of severe pneumonia (46.1% vs. 33.8%, 100% vs 47.3%, and 67.9% vs 48.5%, respectively, p < 0.05). A significantly greater frequency of a bilateral multifocal distribution (p = 0.020), and the involvement of the right paracardiac region (p = 0.043) and the left lower lobe (p = 0.007) in those with severe pneumonia was observed. Conclusion Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, along with the assessment of risk factors, including undernutrition and hypoxemia, should be adequate to diagnose pneumonia in children. Chest X-rays and CRP levels can be helpful in hospitalized children for whom physicians have difficulty deciding about antibiotic prescriptions, bu...

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Antibiotic Use for Febrile Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital’s Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Prescribing Patterns of Antibiotics Among The Pediatric Patients Attended The Outpatient Departments of The Tertiary Level Hospitals in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prescribing Patterns of Antibiotics Among The Pediatric Patients Attended The Outpatient Departments of The Tertiary Level Hospitals in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Diagnostic Association of Radiological and Clinicopathological Parameters in Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

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