Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections

Fraser, Abigail; Gafter‐Gvili, Anat; Leibovici, Leonard

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004785.pub2

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While a review of 18 studies did not find any reports of severe adverse events in conjunction with antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis with rifampicin, cipropfloxacin, ceftriaxone or azithromyicin, mild side-effects of recommended antibiotic regimens were common [65]. A case of anaphylaxis and two anaphylactoid reactions have been described in conjunction with chemoprophylaxis using ciprofloxacin [65–67]. Thus severe side-effects may rarely occur, particularly if the number of persons defined as contacts is large.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

Hellenbrand

Hanquet²,

Heuberger

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYWe performed a systematic literature review to assess the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis for contacts of sporadic cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in educational settings. No studies directly compared IMD risk in contacts with/without chemoprophylaxis. However, compared to the background incidence, an elevated IMD risk was identified in settings without a general recommendation for chemoprophylaxis in pre-schools [pooled risk difference (RD) 58 . 2/10 5 , 95 % confidence interval (CI) 27 . 3-89 . 0] and primary schools (pooled RD 4 . 9/10 5 , 95% CI 2 . 9-6 . 9) in the y30 days after contact with a sporadic IMD case, but not in other educational settings. Thus, limited but consistent evidence suggests the risk of IMD in pre-school contacts of sporadic IMD cases is significantly increased above the background risk, but lower than in household contacts (pooled RD for household contacts with no chemoprophylaxis vs. background incidence : 480 . 1/10 5 , 95 % CI 321 . 5-639 . 9). We recommend chemoprophylaxis for pre-school contacts depending on an assessment of duration and closeness of contact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

Hellenbrand

Hanquet²,

Heuberger

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Moreover, this case illustrates the difficulty of deciding which persons require chemoprophylaxis. It is well established that short-term treatment with rifampicin, ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone eradicates carriage of meningococci in the nasopharynx [1] and lowers the risk of secondary cases in household contacts [2]. Evidence that chemoprophylaxis lowers the risk of secondary cases in other settings is less strong, but it is generally agreed that contact with nasopharyngeal secretions, as might occur during kissing or after close contact in a confined space (such as during travel) warrants chemoprophylaxis, although there is heterogeneity in the definition of close contacts, as well as in duration and proximity criteria for fellow travellers/contacts of cases, among European countries [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive meningococcal disease with fatal outcome in a Swiss student visiting Berlin

Zuschneid

Witschi²,

Quaback

et al. 2008

Eurosurveillance

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Following the fatal invasive meningococcal disease in a Swiss student who had been visiting Berlin, several public health institutions on local, regional and national level cooperated to ensure that the appropriate measures such as contact tracing and post exposure prophylaxis were taken to prevent further cases. The incidence highlighted the importance of early disease notification and showed that if an infectious disease requiring public health action occurs in an international context, it is vital that relevant information is communicated to all levels of the public health systems of the countries involved.

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