Antibiotics for treating urogenital <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>
 infection in men and non-pregnant women

Páez-Canro, Carol; Álzate, Juan Pablo; González, Lina María; Rubio-Romero, Jorge Andrés; Lethaby, Anne; Gaitán, Hernando

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010871.pub2

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose or Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 7 days A meta-analysis and a Cochrane systematic review evaluated data from randomized clinical trials of azithromycin versus doxycycline for treating urogenital chlamydial infection determined that microbiologic treatment failure among men was higher for azithromycin than for doxycycline (748,749).…”

Section: Alternative Regimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doxycycline is highly effective for chlamydial urethral infections and is also effective for chlamydial infections of the rectum; it also has some activity against M. genitalium . In contrast, reports have increased of azithromycin treatment failures for chlamydial infection ( 748 , 749 ), and the incidence of macrolide resistance in M. genitalium also has been rapidly rising ( 697 , 702 , 705 , 750 , 751 ). Pharmacokinetic data indicate that changing azithromycin dosing from a single-dose strategy to a multiday strategy might protect against inducing resistance in M. genitalium infections ( 745 , 752 ) (see Mycoplasma genitalium ).…”

Section: Diseases Characterized By Urethritis and Cervicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Workowski¹,

Bachmann²,

Chan³

et al. 2021

MMWR Recomm. Rep.

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2,621

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These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were updated by CDC after consultation with professionals knowledgeable in the field of STIs who met in Atlanta, Georgia, June 11-14, 2019. The information in this report updates the 2015 guidelines. These guidelines discuss 1) updated recommendations for treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis; 2) addition of metronidazole to the recommended treatment regimen for pelvic inflammatory disease; 3) alternative treatment options for bacterial vaginosis; 4) management of Mycoplasma genitalium; 5) human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) expanded risk factors for syphilis testing among pregnant women; 7) one-time testing for hepatitis C infection; 8) evaluation of men who have sex with men after sexual assault; and 9) two-step testing for serologic diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus. Physicians and other health care providers can use these guidelines to assist in prevention and treatment of STIs. BOX 1. The Five P's approach for health care providers obtaining sexual histories: partners, practices, protection from sexually transmitted infections, past history of sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy intention Additional information about external condoms is available at https://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness. Internal CondomsCondoms for internal vaginal use, also known as female condoms, are available worldwide (e.g., the FC2 Female Condom, Reddy condom, Cupid female condom, and Woman's condom) (31,32). Use of internal condoms can provide protection from acquisition and transmission of STIs, although data are limited. Internal condoms are more costly compared with external condoms; however, they offer the advantage of being controlled by the receptive partner as an STI and HIV prevention method, and the newer versions might be acceptable to all persons. Although the internal condom also has been used during receptive anal intercourse, efficacy associated with this practice remains unknown (33). Additional information about the internal condom is available at http://www.ashasexualhealth. org/pdfs/Male_and_Female_Condoms.pdf. Cervical DiaphragmsIn observational studies, diaphragm use has been demonstrated to protect against cervical gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis (34). However, a trial examining the effect of a diaphragm plus lubricant on HIV acquisition among women in Africa reported no additional protective effect when compared with the use of male condoms alone. Likewise, no difference by study arm in the rate of acquisition of chlamydia, gonorrhea, or herpes occurred (35,36). Diaphragms should not be relied on as the sole source of protection against HIV and other STIs.

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Section: Alternative Regimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diseases Characterized By Urethritis and Cervicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Workowski¹,

Bachmann²,

Chan³

et al. 2021

MMWR Recomm. Rep.

1,720

2,621

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Common drugs consumed over the counter in the community included Metronidazole, Ofloxacin, as well as 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins (based on personal communications with the physicians). All of the commonly used (and possibly misused) drugs by the study population have an effect on chlamydial infections, and may hence have influenced the results of PCR testing [27,28]. This makes the conclusion that potential misuse of antimicrobial drugs in the study population a plausible explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Behavioral Determinants of Sexual and Reproductive Health in the Allahabad District (India) Based on Data from the ChlamIndia Study

et al. 2019

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Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT and NG, respectively) are linked to an important sexual and reproductive health (SRH) burden worldwide. Behavior is an important predictor for SRH, as it dictates the risk for STIs. Assessing the behavior of a population helps to assess its risk profile. Methods: Study participants were recruited at a gynecology outpatient department (OPD) in the Allahabad district in Uttar Pradesh India, and a questionnaire was used to assess demographics, SRH, and obstetric history. Patients provided three samples (urine, vaginal swab, and whole blood). These samples were used to identify CT and NG using PCR/NAAT and CT IgG ELISA. Results: A total of 296 women were included for testing; mean age was 29 years. No positive cases of CT and NG were observed using PCR/NAAT. A 7% (22/296) positivity rate for CT was observed using IgG ELISA. No positive association was found between serology and symptoms (vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia) or adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage and stillbirth). Positive relations with CT could be observed with consumption of alcohol, illiteracy, and tenesmus (p-value 0.02–0.03). Discussion: STI prevalence in this study was low, but a high burden of SRH morbidity was observed, with a high symptomatic load. High rates of miscarriage (31%) and stillbirth (8%) were also observed among study subjects. No associations could be found between these ailments and CT infection. These rates are high even for low- and middle-income country standards. Conclusion: This study puts forward high rates of SRH morbidity, and instances of adverse reproductive health outcomes are highlighted in this study, although no associations with CT infection could be found. This warrants more investigation into the causes leading to these complaints in the Indian scenario and potential biases to NAAT testing, such as consumption of over-the-counter antimicrobials.

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“…At present, the most conventional treatment strategy for microbial disorders is antibiotics (metronidazole, clotrimazole, azithromycin, etc. ), which has a good therapy effect while accompanied with various adverse effects and recurrence (Cudmore et al, 2004;Bradshaw et al, 2006;Xie et al, 2017;Khosropour et al, 2018;Paez-Canro et al, 2019). Recently, probiotics based on Lactobacillus have shown promise in treating not only infectious diseases (e.g., BV, fungal infection, and urinary tract infections) but also non-infectious diseases (e.g., preterm, infertility, and PCOS) (Hanson et al, 2016;Lopez-Moreno and Aguilera, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Gynecological Diseases and the Potential Interventions

Han

Chen

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Vaginal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by the loss of Lactobacillus dominance and increase of microbial diversity, is closely related to gynecological diseases; thus, intervention on microbiota composition is significant and promising in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Currently, antibiotics and/or probiotics are the mainstay of treatment, which show favorable therapeutic effects but also bring problems such as drug resistance and high recurrence. In this review, we discuss the role of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis in various gynecological infectious and non-infectious diseases, as well as the current and potential interventions.

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Antibiotics for treating urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women

Abstract: Antibiotics for treating urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women (Review)

Cited by 32 publications

References 83 publications

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Behavioral Determinants of Sexual and Reproductive Health in the Allahabad District (India) Based on Data from the ChlamIndia Study

Role of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Gynecological Diseases and the Potential Interventions

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