Antibiotics of the virginiamycin family, inhibitors which contain synergistic components.

Cocito, Carlo

doi:10.1128/mmbr.43.2.145-192.1979

Cited by 189 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…Virginiamycin has been used as an intervention for laminitis (Rowe et al 1994). Virginiamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic (Cocito 1979). It has a broad spectrum of activity, but is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria and can mitigate the growth of streptococci, accumulation of lactic acid, and decline in pH in horse faeces in vitro (Bailey et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria andStreptococcus bovisby hops (Humulus lupulusL.)β-acid

et al. 2014

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Aims: The goals of this study were to determine if b-acid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) could be used to control fructan fermentation by equine hindgut micro-organisms, and to verify the antimicrobial mode of action on Streptococcus bovis, which has been implicated in fructan fermentation, hindgut acidosis and pasture-associated laminitis (PAL) in the horse. Methods and Results: Suspensions of uncultivated equine faecal microorganisms produced fermentation acids when inulin (model fructan) was the substrate, but b-acid (i.e. lupulone) concentrations ≥9 ppm inhibited lactate production and mitigated the decrease in pH. Inulin-fermenting Strep. bovis was isolated from the b-acid-free suspensions after enrichment with inulin. The isolates were sensitive to b-acid, which decreased the viable number of streptococci in faecal suspensions, as well as growth, lactate production and the intracellular potassium of Strep. bovis in pure culture. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hops b-acid prevented the growth of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria, and that the mechanism of action was dissipation of the intracellular potassium of Strep. bovis. Significance and Impact of the Study: Bacterial hindgut fermentation of grass fructans has been linked to PAL and other metabolic disorders in horses. Hops b-acid is a potential phytochemical intervention to decrease the growth of bacteria responsible for PAL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria andStreptococcus bovisby hops (Humulus lupulusL.)β-acid

et al. 2014

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“…Streptogramins are a group of cyclic peptides produced by Streptomyces spp. as a mixture of components classi¢ed into two groups: streptogramin A and streptogramin B [1]. Compounds of group A (SgA), including streptogramin A, pristinamycin IIA and virginiamycin M, are polyunsaturated cyclic peptolides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compounds of group B (SgB), which includes streptogramin B, pristinamycin IB and virginiamycin S, are cyclic hexapeptides. In clinical practice, the A and B streptogramins are administered in combination because they act synergistically [1]. Natural mixtures of streptogramins have been available on the European market since the mid-¢fties, and products like pristinamycin and staphylomycin have been used as oral antistaphylococcal agents for human infections [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In clinical practice, the A and B streptogramins are administered in combination because they act synergistically [1]. Natural mixtures of streptogramins have been available on the European market since the mid-¢fties, and products like pristinamycin and staphylomycin have been used as oral antistaphylococcal agents for human infections [1]. A semisynthetic injectable streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin RP59500 (Synercid) has been under development, and Synercid and pristinamycin have recently been used for treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium [2^4] and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in humans [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of the satA gene and transferability of virginiamycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium from food-animals

Hammerum¹

1998

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The satA gene encoding streptogramin A resistance was detected in virginiamycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from pigs and broilers. The satA gene was present in 22 of 89 (25%) virginiamycin-resistant E. faecium isolates. It was shown that the satA gene and other gene(s) encoding streptogramin resistance could be transferred between isogenic E. faecium strains at frequencies ranging from 2.3U10 3R to 2.2U10 3Q transconjugants per donor. z

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“…Notably, while individual members of each family show modest bacteriostatic activity, the two families act synergistically and display greater bactericidal effects. [146][147][148] Importantly, the PTC is targeted by the oxazolidinones, a family of synthetic derivatives representing one of the very few success stories of antibiotic development. Exploring these derivatives as orally available antimicrobial agents started in the 1970s, ultimately leading to the introduction of linezolid (33) into the clinic a decade ago.…”

Section: Antibiotics Targeting the Peptidyl Transferase Centermentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics that target protein synthesis

2010

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The key role of the bacterial ribosome makes it an important target for antibacterial agents. Indeed, a large number of clinically useful antibiotics target this complex translational ribonucleoprotein machinery. The majority of these compounds, mostly of natural origin, bind to one of the three key ribosomal sites: the decoding (or A-site) on the 30S, the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) on the 50S, and the peptide exit tunnel on the 50S. Antibiotics that bind the A-site, such as the aminoglycosides, interfere with codon recognition and translocation. Peptide bond formation is inhibited when small molecules like oxazolidinones bind at the PTC. Finally, macrolides tend to block the growth of the amino acid chain at the peptide exit tunnel. In this article, the major classes of antibiotics that target the bacterial ribosome are discussed and classified according to their respective target. Notably, most antibiotics solely interact with the RNA components of the bacterial ribosome. The surge seen in the appearance of resistant bacteria has not been met by a parallel development of effective and broad-spectrum new antibiotics, as evident by the introduction of only two novel classes of antibiotics, the oxazolidinones and lipopeptides, in the past decades. Nevertheless, this significant health threat has revitalized the search for new antibacterial agents and novel targets. High resolution structural data of many ribosome-bound antibiotics provide unprecedented insight into their molecular contacts and mode of action and inspire the design and synthesis of new candidate drugs that target this fascinating molecular machine.

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Antibiotics of the virginiamycin family, inhibitors which contain synergistic components.

Abstract: Interference with Initiation and Elongation of Peptide Chains In Vitro .... 170 Binding of Type A Virginiamycins to Bacterial Ribosomes In Vitro. Fixation of Type B Virginiamycins to Ribosomal Subunits and Components 175

Cited by 189 publications

References 139 publications

Inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria andStreptococcus bovisby hops (Humulus lupulusL.)β-acid

Inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria andStreptococcus bovisby hops (Humulus lupulusL.)β-acid

Detection of the satA gene and transferability of virginiamycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium from food-animals

Antibiotics that target protein synthesis

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