Antibodies against Glucan, Chitin, and
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 Mannan as New Biomarkers of
 Candida albicans
 Infection That Complement Tests Based on
 C. albicans
 Mannan

Sendid, Boualem; Dotan, Nir; Nseir, Saad; Savaux, Camille; Vandewalle, Peggy; Standaert-Vitse, Annie; Zerimech, Farid; Guery, Benoît; Dukler, A.; Colombel, Jean–Frédéric; Poulain, Daniel

doi:10.1128/cvi.00200-08

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Whether this effect of Candida is also relevant for inflammatory bowel disease in humans is not clear. However, because Abs toward C. albicans were shown to be associated specifically with Crohn's disease, one may speculate that Candida plays a role in this disease (37). It is attractive to hypothesize that this has to do with the priming effect described in this article.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Candida albicans Primes TLR Cytokine Responses through a Dectin-1/Raf-1–Mediated Pathway

Ifrim¹,

Joosten²,

Kullberg³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

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The immune system is essential to maintain homeostasis with resident microbial populations, ensuring that the symbiotic host–microbial relationship is maintained. In parallel, commensal microbes significantly shape mammalian immunity at the host mucosal surface, as well as systemically. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that lives as a commensal on skin and mucosa of healthy individuals. Little is known about its capacity to modulate responses toward other microorganisms, such as colonizing bacteria (e.g., intestinal microorganisms). The aim of this study was to assess the cytokine production of PBMCs induced by commensal bacteria when these cells were primed by C. albicans. We show that C. albicans and β-1,3-glucan induce priming of human primary mononuclear cells and this leads to enhanced cytokine production upon in vitro stimulation with TLR ligands and bacterial commensals. This priming requires the β-1,3-glucan receptor dectin-1 and the noncanonical Raf-1 pathway. In addition, although purified mannans cannot solely mediate the priming, the presence of mannosyl residues in the cell wall of C. albicans is nevertheless required. In conclusion, C. albicans is able to modify cytokine responses to TLR ligands and colonizing bacteria, which is likely to impact the inflammatory reaction during mucosal diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Candida albicans Primes TLR Cytokine Responses through a Dectin-1/Raf-1–Mediated Pathway

Ifrim¹,

Joosten²,

Kullberg³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

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show abstract

“…[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The number of IC cases per study varied from 7 to 105, with a median of 25. A control group was included in 11 of 14 studies, and most frequently consisted of patients with similar risk factors but without IC, and sometimes with other documented infections.…”

Section: Mannan Ag (Mn)/anti-mannan Ab (A-mn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

ECIL recommendations for the use of biological markers for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases in leukemic patients and hematopoietic SCT recipients

Marchetti

Lamoth

Mikulska

et al. 2011

Bone Marrow Transplant

245

178

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“…The β-(1,3)-glucans are well-known pro-inflammatory agents [13,14] and innate immune responses can be induced through binding to monocytes or macrophages via the receptor dectin-1 [15] or complement receptor 3 (CR3) [16]. Adaptive immune responses to β-glucan have received much less attention, but anti-β-(1,3)-glucan antibodies have previously been reported [17,18] and their measurement has been suggested useful for the diagnosis of candidiasis [19]. Recently Chiani et al [20] reported high anti-β-glucan IgG levels in human sera, in a study on the use of β-glucans in vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG to Various Beta-Glucans in a Human Adult Population

Noss¹,

Wouters²,

Smit³

et al. 2011

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Fungal β-(1,3)-glucans are pro-inflammatory agents, and exposures to β-(1,3)-glucans are associated with respiratory tract symptoms. IgG anti-(1,3)-glucan titers are measured in diagnosis of fungal infections. Although other β-glucan structures exist, like β-(1,6)-glucans, little is known about their antigenic or pro-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate IgG titers and specificities in human sera against different β-glucans with varying structures. Methods: IgG anti-β-glucan was measured by enzyme immunoassay in a random sample of 40 sera from healthy adults, with a panel of 8 differently structured glucans. In a subsequent larger series, IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan was measured in a random sample of 667 sera from three occupational populations with different organic dust exposures. Possible determinants of IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan titers were explored with linear-regression analysis. Results: We found wide variation in anti-β-glucan IgG levels. The highest titers were found for pure β-(1,6)-glucan pustulan. Moderate to strong reactions with other β-(1,6)-containing structures appeared to be due to cross-reacting anti-β-(1,6)-glucan antibodies. Surprisingly, the mean IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan titer was significantly lower in agricultural workers – with highest organic dust exposure – than in spray painters and bakery workers. Smoking status was associated with lower IgG anti-β-(1,6)-glucan titers in all populations. Conclusions: IgG to β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glucans can be found in normal human sera. β-(1,6)-glucans appear to be much more potent antigens. The health impact of high anti-β-(1,6)-glucan antibody levels remains unclear and further investigations are needed.

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Antibodies against Glucan, Chitin, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannan as New Biomarkers of Candida albicans Infection That Complement Tests Based on C. albicans Mannan

Cited by 59 publications

References 53 publications

Candida albicans Primes TLR Cytokine Responses through a Dectin-1/Raf-1–Mediated Pathway

Candida albicans Primes TLR Cytokine Responses through a Dectin-1/Raf-1–Mediated Pathway

ECIL recommendations for the use of biological markers for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases in leukemic patients and hematopoietic SCT recipients

IgG to Various Beta-Glucans in a Human Adult Population

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