Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Variants in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates under Antenatal Vaccination with Moderna (mRNA-1273) Vaccine

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain IgG antibody (SRBD IgG) binding ratio (SBR) from Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women and neonates. The impact of antenatal influenza (flu) and pertussis (Tdap) vaccines was also studied. We enrolled pregnant women vaccinated with the Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccine during pregnancy and collected maternal plasma (MP) and neonatal cord blood (CB) during delivery to determine the SBR via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). A total of 78 samples were collected from 39 pregnant women. The SBR was higher for Alpha variants compared to Beta/Gamma variants (MP: 63.95% vs. 47.91% vs. 43.48%, p = 0.0001; CB: 72.14% vs. 56.78% vs. 53.66%, p = 0.006). Pregnant women receiving two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated a better SBR against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants than women receiving just a single dose. Women who received the Tdap/flu vaccines demonstrated a better SBR when two COVID-19 vaccine doses were < 6 weeks apart. A better SBR was detected among women who had more recently received their second COVID-19 vaccine dose. Two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine provided recipients with a better SBR for Alpha/Beta/Gamma variants. Although Tdap/flu vaccines may affect the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, different vaccination timings can improve the SBR.

TRAIL and IP-10 dynamics in pregnant women post COVID-19 vaccination: associations with neutralizing antibody potency

“…Our previous research reported that 2-dose vaccinations produced greater Nab inhibition for various strains of SARS-CoV-2 including wildtype, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta type, than 1-dose vaccinations according to values observed in maternal blood and corresponding neonatal cord blood ( Shen et al., 2022 ; Chen et al., 2022a ). Other research reported in the literature has indicated that booster COVID-19 vaccination can produce a more potent Nab response against the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants including several novel subvariants ( Lin et al., 2023 ).…”

“…Vaccination against COVID-19 for pregnant women allow mothers to produce and transfer protective antibodies to their fetus ( Shen et al., 2022 ). Specifically, the transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) has shown potential in protecting fetuses and neonates ( Shen et al., 2022 ; Chen et al., 2022a ), and this protection can also be observed for newly-evolved SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron variants ( Chen et al., 2022b ; Munoz et al., 2023 ). According to current research, COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women does not increase the risk of any adverse pregnancy, maternal, or neonatal outcomes.…”

Efficacy and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women

“…De igual forma Chen et al (23) , determinan que dos dosis de la vacuna mejoraban la unión (SBR) del anticuerpo IgG, contra las variantes alfa, beta y gamma del SARS-CoV-2 que aquellas mujeres quienes solo se colocaron una única dosis.…”

“…Por último, es válido destacar, Chen et al (23) a su vez mencionan que la relación de unión (SBR) aportada por la vacuna Moderna (ARNm-1273) del anticuerpo IgG al receptor de picos antiSARS-CoV-2, fue mucho mayor para las variantes alfa que las beta y gamma. Aunque, Gray et al (24) , concuerdan y mejoran los aportes científicos, mencionando que vacunas de ARNm generan una inmunidad humoral más robusta en gestantes, lactantes y no embarazadas.…”

“…Las reacciones adversas encontradas con mayor frecuencia fueron dolor en el lugar de la inyección, fatiga y dolor de cabeza, pero fueron transitorias. Chen y col. (23) 2022 Anticuerpos contra las variantes alfa, beta y gamma del SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas y sus recién nacidos bajo vacunación prenatal con Moderna (ARNm-1273) Vacuna.…”