Antibodies in horses, mules and donkeys following monovalent vaccination against African horse sickness

Hamblin, C.; Mellor, P. S.; Graham, Stephen; Hooghuis, H.; Montejano, R. C.; Cubillo, M. A.; Boned, J.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800048512

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…However, the response of an individual horse to each serotype varies widely. The absence of detectable VN antibodies to one or more serotypes may not necessarily be suggestive of a lack of protection against AHS, as these animals might appear to be resistant to a challenge that also depends on cell-mediated immunity [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines

et al. 2020

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Background: African horse sickness (AHS) is a serious viral disease of equids resulting in the deaths of many equids in sub-Saharan Africa that has been recognized for centuries. This has significant economic impact on the horse industry, despite the good husbandry practices. Currently, prevention and control of the disease is based on administration of live attenuated vaccines and control of the arthropod vectors. Results: A total of 29 horses in 2 groups, were vaccinated. Eighteen horses in Group 1 were further divided into 9 subgroups of 2 horses each, were individually immunised with one of 1 to 9 AHS serotypes, respectively. The eleven horses of Group 2 were immunised with all 9 serotypes simultaneously with 2 different vaccinations containing 5 serotypes (1, 4, 7-9) and 4 serotypes (2, 3, 5, 6) respectively. The duration of this study was 12 months. Blood samples were periodically withdrawn for serum antibody tests using ELISA and VNT and for 2 weeks after each vaccination for PCR and virus isolation. After the booster vaccination, these 27 horses seroconverted, however 2 horses responded poorly as measured by ELISA. In Group 1 ELISA and VN antibodies declined between 5 to 7 months post vaccination (pv). Twelve months later, the antibody levels in most of the horses decreased to the seronegative range until the annual booster where all horses again seroconverted strongly. In Group 2, ELISA antibodies were positive after the first booster and VN antibodies started to appear for some serotypes after primary vaccination. After booster vaccination, VN antibodies increased in a different pattern for each serotype. Antibodies remained high for 12 months and increased strongly after the annual booster in 78% of the horses. PCR and virus isolation results remained negative. Conclusions: Horses vaccinated with single serotypes need a booster after 6 months and simultaneously immunised horses after 12 months. Due to the non-availability of a facility in the UAE, no challenge infection could be carried out.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines

et al. 2020

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“…Group specific antibody against AHSV can be detected using a several diagnostic assays that are directed primarily toward the VP7, including complement fixation [14], agar gel immunodiffusion [4], immunofluorescence [27] and ELISA [44,46,68]. An indirect ELISA based on the detection of antibody against segment 10 (NS3) has also been described for AHSV serotype 4 [69].…”

Section: Antibody Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result both can occur simultaneously in the same locations and even in the same animal. Fortunately, rapid, sensitive and specific ELISA's are available to enable the detection of the antigen and antibody of both AHSV and EEV [24,[44][45][46]134], and if used in conjunction with each other can provide a rapid and efficient differential diagnosis.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

African horse sickness

2004

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-African horse sickness virus (AHSV) causes a non-contagious, infectious insect-borne disease of equids and is endemic in many areas of sub-Saharan Africa and possibly Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula. However, periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its endemic areas and has at times extended as far as India and Pakistan in the east and Spain and Portugal in the west. The vectors are certain species of Culicoides biting midge the most important of which is the AfroAsiatic species C. imicola. This paper describes the effects that AHSV has on its equid hosts, aspects of its epidemiology, and present and future prospects for control. The distribution of AHSV seems to be governed by a number of factors including the efficiency of control measures, the presence or absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir and, most importantly, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the major vector which is controlled by climate. However, with the advent of climatechange the major vector, C. imicola, has now significantly extended its range northwards to include much of Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece and has even been recorded from southern Switzerland. Furthermore, in many of these new locations the insect is present and active throughout the entire year. With the related bluetongue virus, which utilises the same vector species of Culicoides this has, since 1998, precipitated the worst outbreaks of bluetongue disease ever recorded with the virus extending further north in Europe than ever before and apparently becoming endemic in that continent. The prospects for similar changes in the epidemiology and distribution of AHSV are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines

Rodrı́guez

Joseph

Pfeffer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: African horse sickness (AHS) is a devastating disease of equids that has been known for centuries. Many equids mainly in sub-Saharan Africa still die every year from this viral disease. This has an enormous economic impact on the horse industry, notwithstanding the dedication of horse owners in the daily care of their animals. Currently, prevention and control of the disease are based on live attenuated vaccines and control vector arthropods.Results: A total of 29 horses kept in an isolated desert area were divided into 2 groups and subcutaneously (sc) vaccinated. In Group 1, a total of 18 horses divided into 9 subgroups of 2 horses each were individually immunised with AHS serotypes 1 to 9. Eleven horses in Group 2 were immunised with all 9 serotypes simultaneously with 2 different injections by the combination of vaccine 1 containing 5 serotypes (1, 4, 7, 8, 9) and vaccine 2 containing 4 serotypes (2, 3, 5, 6). The vaccination experiment lasted 12 months. Blood samples were periodically drawn for serum antibody tests using ELISA and VNT. After each vaccination, blood was collected during a period of 2 weeks for PCR and virus isolation. After the booster vaccination, 27 horses seroconverted to the inactivated vaccines, but 2 horses responded poorly, as measured by ELISA. In Group 1, ELISA and VN antibodies declined between 5 and 7 months post vaccination (pv). Twelve months later, the antibody level in most of the horses dropped to the negative range, but after the annual booster, all horses again seroconverted strongly, as early as 1 week pv. In Group 2, ELISA antibodies turned positive after the first booster, and VN antibodies started to appear for some serotypes after primary vaccination. After the booster vaccination, VN antibodies increased in a different pattern for each serotype. Antibodies remained high for 12 months and increased strongly after the annual booster in 78% of the horses. PCR and virus isolation were negative.Conclusions: Horses vaccinated with single serotypes need a booster after 6 months, while simultaneously immunised horses need one after 12 months. Due to the non-availability of a facility in the UAE, no challenge infection could be carried out.

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Antibodies in horses, mules and donkeys following monovalent vaccination against African horse sickness

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines

Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines

African horse sickness

Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines

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