Antibodies to Leptospira interrogans in goats and risk factors of the disease in Santa Catarina (West side), Brazil

Frequency of and risk factors associated to Leptospira spp. Seropositivity in goats in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

“…These high values corroborated those of prior studies conducted in Pernambuco (CUNHA et al, 1999), in the municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais , and in the western and mountainous mesoregions of Santa Catarina (TOPAZIO et al, 2015), with rates between 31.3% and 35.47%. However, none of these studies collected samples from all the mesoregions present in their respective states, and in three cases, the number of samples assayed with MAT was much lower than that in the current study.…”

“…Among the serogroups, Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most frequent (85.57%) in Rio Grande do Sul (SCHMIDT et al, 2002) and Santa Catarina (TOPAZIO et al, 2015), where farmers reported rodent infestations. The same situation may be occurring among herds in Sergipe because the positivity to this serogroup is associated with the presence of Rattus norvegicus and other rodent species from which this serogroup was isolated, including the black rat (Rattus ratus) and the Brazilian guinea pig (Cavia aperea azarae) (VIRGINIE et al, 2002;OLIVEIRA et al, 2013), indicating that the high transmission of Leptospira spp.…”

“…The most common serogroups in the Brazilian states were Icterohaemorrhagiae, which were positive in a sample from Ceará (FAVERO et al, 2002); Australis, Djasiman, Celledoni, Semaranga, and Sejroe, which were reported in the state of Paraíba (FAVERO et al, 2002;HIGINO et al, 2013;COSTA et al, 2016); Autumnalis, which were detected in Rio Grande do Norte; (ARAÚJO NETO et al, 2010); and Canicola and Autumnalis, which were reported in Pernambuco (CUNHA et al, 1999). Surveys were conducted in other Brazilian states, including Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais, and the infection rates were 2.4%-35.47% (FAVERO et al, 2002;SCHMIDT et al, 2002;LILENBAUM et al, 2007b;LILENBAUM et al, 2008;DOS SANTOS, et al, 2012;CORTIZO et al, 2015;TOPAZIO et al, 2015).…”

“…Studies involving goat herds from Brazilian states reported the following risk factors associated with the occurrence of Leptospira spp. : rodent infestations and a history of infertility in goats in the state of Paraíba (HIGINO et al, 2013); contact with sheep and the presence of concentrate in animal feed in the state of Santa Catarina (TOPAZIO et al, 2015); an intensive breeding system, presence of purebreds, animals aged >12 months, breeding systems involving other animal species, and farms that employed outside manual labor in the state of Minas Gerais ; a semi-intensive farming system, a still water source (a well), and cases of miscarriage in the state of Espírito Santo (CORTIZO et al, 2015); and the tropical climate, absence and/or low frequency of veterinary care, and access to pastures in the state of Rio de Janeiro (LILENBAUM et al, 2008).…”

Leptospirosis: enfermedad de gran importancia en salud pública.

“…Esta zoonosis no es siempre diagnosticada, debido a la falta de conocimiento de la enfermedad o dificultad de acceso a las herramientas diagnósticos (38). Debido a la amplia variedad de serovares que pueden infectar a un organismo se emplean técnicas de diagnóstico altamente específicas para el caso como lo son la detección de anticuerpos fluorescentes, Ensayo por Inmunoabsorción Ligado a Enzimas (ELISA), Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) y Microaglutinación con Antígenos Vivos (MAT) (6,39,40). Para confirmar la enfermedad se deben tomar muestras de sangre, orina o líquido cefalorraquídeo y enviarlas al laboratorio para su análisis y determinación del diagnóstico (15).…”