Antibodies to Selected Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in European Wild Boars from Southcentral Spain

Vicente, Joaquı́n; León-Vizcaíno, Luís; Gortázar, Christian; Cubero, M. J.; González, María Belén Hernández; Martín-Atance, Pablo

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.3.649

Cited by 120 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, since wild boar management conditions are becoming increasingly intensive in Spain, the risk of increasing PCV2 prevalence in wild boars is also growing; this situation also applies to many European countries [18], since natural wild boar populations are increasing. In our opinion, while the wild boar is considered a potential reservoir of viruses for the domestic swine, such as classical swine fever virus, Aujeszky disease virus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus [1,9,25,27], it is likely that this situation is the contrary for PCV2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2004

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-Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in domestic pigs, where the virus is ubiquitous as evidenced by serological surveys. We present the results of the first nationwide sero-survey on the presence of PCV2 antibodies in European wild boars, and report the first PMWS case in a wild boar from Spain. Sera from 656 hunter harvested wild boars from 45 different geographical sites and 22 additional imported animals were analysed by means of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). We also examined the tissues from 55 healthy and one diseased wild boars for the presence of PCV2 nucleic acid and PMWS lesions by in situ hybridisation and histopathology, respectively. Additionally, abundance estimates of wild boars and field interviews were carried out on 30 sampling sites. The prevalence of medium to high PCV2 serological titres among the examined wild boars was 47.89 ± 1.9%. Seropositive wild boars appeared in all but one of the geographical regions analysed. Seroprevalence and titre of PCV2 antibodies were closely related to the management of the wild boar populations. Wild boars from intensively managed, farm-like populations had higher prevalence than wild boars living in more natural situations. The effect of wild boar abundance and management on PCV2 antibody prevalence was further evidenced by the high correlation existing between the relative abundance estimates of animals and the percentage of wild boars with medium to high levels of PCV2 antibodies. PCV2 nucleic acid was detected in the tissues of three wild boars. One of these was diagnosed as PMWS. The results, in addition to information on piglet mortalities, suggest a potential role of PMWS in piglet mortality in intensively managed wild boar populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2004

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“…Os sinais clínicos associados com a infecção por M. hyopneumoniae incluem tosse não produtiva, perda de peso e piora da conversão alimentar (Kwon et al 2002, Caswell & Williams 2007. Na Espanha, estudo sorológico para M. hyopneumoniae em amostras de javalis (Sus scrofa) resultaram negativas (Vicente et al 2002). No Canadá, em um surto de infecção por circovirus tipo 2 em javalis, alguns animais apresentaram lesões pulmonares sugestivas de infecção por Mycoplasma spp.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pneumonia enzoótica em javalis (Sus scrofa)

Ecco

Lazzari²,

Guedes

2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever o quadro clínico e epidemiológico, os achados patológicos, bacteriológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um surto de pneumonia em uma granja de Javalis do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Em um período de cinco meses, morreram 90 javalis. Desses, 63 tinham lesões pulmonares. Clinicamente apresentavam atraso no desenvolvimento corporal, diminuição do apetite, letargia, tosse e dificuldade respiratória, principalmente quando movimentados. Constatou-se elevação da temperatura, 40 o C em média. Na auscultação, havia crepitações e estertores pulmonares de intensidade moderada. As alterações macroscópicas nos pulmões analisados eram típicas de broncopneumonia lobular. As lesões caracterizavam-se por consolidação crânio-ventral na maioria dos pulmões. A coloração variava de difusamente vermelho-escuro a um padrão mosaico (ló-bulos vermelho-escuros intercalados por lóbulos cinzas) ou difusamente acinzentados. Na maioria dos pulmões observou-se exsudato mucopurulento na luz dos brônquios e fluindo do parênquima. Histologicamente, as alterações eram de broncopneumonia purulenta e histiocitária com focos de necrose. Em alguns animais havia também hiperplasia do BALT e, na maioria dos animais, infiltração The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, bacteriological and immunohistochemical aspects of a pneumonia outbreak in a wild pig farm in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Ninety wild pigs died in a period of five months, and 63 of these had pulmonary lesions. Clinically, the pigs presented reduced growth rate, anorexia, lethargy, cough and dyspnea, especially after they were moved. High body temperature (40 o C in average) was verified in some animals. Auscultation revealed moderate pulmonary crepitation and stertors. Pulmonary gross lesions were typical of lobular bronchopneumonia. Lung lesions were characterized by ventral-cranial consolidation in the majority of the cases. The color of affected pulmonary areas varied from diffuse dark red to mosaic pattern (dark red lobule intercalate by grayish lobule) or diffusely grayish. The majority of the lungs had mucopurulent exsudate in the bronchial lumen that also drained from the parenchyma cut surface. Upon microscopy, the changes were characterized by purulent and histiocytic bronchopneumonia with necrotic foci. In some animals, there was BALT hyperplasia associated with perivascular and peribronchial plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltration in most of these cases. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Immunohistochemistry evaluation demonstrated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on the luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, and the DNA of bacteria was detected by PCR. This is the first report of bronchopneumonia in wild boars associated with M. hyopneumoniae infection.

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“…Although serological prevalence of leptospirosis in feral swine has been examined in the United States and other countries [11,[13][14][15][16][17], we are unaware of any national scale efforts in the United States to quantify leptospiral shedding in the species. Since pathogenic leptospires have a predilection for the kidneys of infected swine [4], we tested kidneys and paired serum of feral swine collected in counties previously identified as antibody positive [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of leptospirosis in the kidneys and serum of feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYLeptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in humans worldwide. In the United States, widespread detection of antibodies to leptospirosis have been identified in feral swine (Sus scrofa) with the highest detection of serovars, Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Over the past few years, feral swine populations have expanded their geographical range and distribution in the United States with reports in at least 39 of 50 states. Since feral swine serve as reservoirs for serovars that can infect humans, it is important to understand the risk of transmission. In order to learn more about the probability that feral swine shed infectious leptospires, we collected kidneys and paired serum when possible from 677 feral swine in 124 counties of 29 states. These counties had previously been identified as antibody positive for Leptospira interrogans serovars Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae or Pomona. Although exposure to these same six serovars of leptospirosis continued to be high (53% overall) in the counties we sampled, we detected leptospiral DNA in only 3·4% of feral swine kidneys tested. Based on these results, it appears that although feral swine can serve as a source of infection to humans, especially in those who are more likely to encounter them directly such as wildlife biologists, veterinarians, and hunters, the risk may be relatively low. However, further studies to examine the relationship between leptospiral shedding in the urine and kidneys in addition to culturing the organism are recommended in order to better understand the risk associated with feral swine.

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Antibodies to Selected Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in European Wild Boars from Southcentral Spain

Cited by 120 publications

References 13 publications

Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Pneumonia enzoótica em javalis (Sus scrofa)

Evidence of leptospirosis in the kidneys and serum of feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States

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