Antibody and immunoglobulin levels in aged humans

Bátory, Gabriella; Jancsó, A; Puskás, E; Rédei, A.; Lengyel, E

doi:10.1016/0167-4943(84)90009-8

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, the age-related change in TH1 and TH2 function is an age-related immune change which is probably due to cumulative antigenic influence throughout the lifespan, since cumulative antigenic influence has been reported to be associated with a lower TH1 : TH2 (Cakman et al 1996). The decrease in TH1 : TH2 may be of great importance in age-related immune changes, since TH1 mainly induces maturation and activation of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes which decrease with ageing (Bruley-Rosset & Payelle, 1987;Mbawuike et al 1997), while TH2 induces increased B lymphocyte immunoglobulin production which increases with ageing (Batory et al 1984;Moulias et al 1984).…”

Section: T-cell Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and immunity in the elderly

1999

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Immune function declines with age, leading to increased infection and cancer rates in aged individuals. In fact, recent progress in the study of immune ageing has introduced the idea that rather than a general decline in the functions of the immune system with age, immune ageing is mainly characterized by a progressive appearance of immune dysregulation throughout life. Changes appear earlier in life for cell-mediated immunity than for humoral immunity. Thus, agerelated modifications in cell-mediated immunity, i.e. changes in naive : memory T-cells, mature : immature T-cells, T-helper 1 : T-helper 2 cells are more important in the elderly than changes in humoral immunity, i.e. CD5 : CD5+ cells or length of antibody responses. Such evolution of the immune system has been linked to declining thymus function and to accumulative antigenic influence over the lifespan. In contrast, innate immunity (macrophage functions) is preserved or even increased during the ageing process. This finding shows that the 'primitive' immune system is less affected by the ageing process than the sophisticated specific immune system. The present review focuses on innate and cell-mediated immune changes with ageing. It provides evidence that primary changes (intrinsic modifications in the immune system) and secondary changes (resulting from environmental influences during the lifespan) exert different influences on the immune system. Primary changes, occurring in healthy individuals, seem less important nowadays than they were considered to be previously. For example, interleukin 2 secretion in some very healthy aged individuals is comparable with that in younger adults. Primary immune changes may not explain the increased incidence and severity of infections observed in the elderly population. Secondary immunological changes are far more frequent and are certainly responsible for most of the immune modifications observed in the elderly population. Environmental factors leading to secondary immune dysfunctions include not only antigenic influence, which is a reflection of diseases experienced over the lifespan, but also many other factors such as drug intake, physical activity and diet; factors for which important changes occur in the elderly population. Nutritional factors play a major role in the immune responses of aged individuals and the present review shows that nutritional influences on immune responses are of great consequence in aged individuals, even in the very healthy elderly.

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Section: T-cell Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and immunity in the elderly

1999

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“…These results suggested that an increased percentage of CD3 could be one of the underlying mechanisms behind the protective effects of N1115-containing yogurt. The change in the concentration of IgA, IgG, and IgM with aging remains controversial, 23 , 39 , 40 which might be the reason that we did not see significant difference in the change of IgA, IgG, and IgM levels between groups. Also, the results from the present study were also consistent with those reported by Nermes et al, 41 who demonstrated that L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Yogurt supplemented with probiotics can protect the healthy elderly from respiratory infections: A randomized controlled open-label trial

Pu¹,

Guo²,

Li³

et al. 2017

CIA

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PurposeTo evaluate whether yogurt supplemented with a probiotic strain could protect middle-aged and elderly people from acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) using a randomized, blank-controlled, parallel-group design.Patients and methodsTwo hundred and five volunteers aged ≥45 years were randomly divided into two groups. The subjects in the intervention group were orally administered 300 mL/d of yogurt supplemented with a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (N1115), 3.6×107 CFU/mL for 12 weeks, while those in the control group retained their normal diet without any probiotic supplementation. The primary outcome was the incidence of URTI, and changes in serum protein, immunoglobulins, and the profiles of the T-lymphocyte subsets (total T-cells [CD3+], T-helper cells [CD4+], and T-cytotoxic-suppressor cells [CD8+]) during the intervention were the secondary outcomes.ResultsCompared to the control group, the number of persons diagnosed with an acute URTI and the number of URTI events significantly decreased in the intervention group (P=0.038, P=0.030, respectively). The risk of URTI in the intervention group was evaluated as 55% of that in the control group (relative risk =0.55, 95% CI: 0.307–0.969). The change in the percentage of CD3+ cells in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (P=0.038). However, no significant differences were observed in the total protein, albumin, globulin, and prealbumin levels in both groups (P>0.05).ConclusionThe study suggested that yogurt with selected probiotic strains such as N1115 may reduce the risk of acute upper tract infections in the elderly. The enhancement of the T-cell-mediated natural immune defense might be one of the important underlying mechanisms for probiotics to express their anti-infective effects.

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“…In fact, the mean age of the healthy control group most closely matches that of the disease SLE (mean 36 to 37 years) and APS (mean 46 years) groups that were our primary focus. With regard to the lack of sex matching in our different groups it is notable that the highest distribution of males (19 of 40, 47.5%) was found in the healthy control group and previous studies have found that young males tend to have higher IgG concentrations than females [ 35 ]. Also given the fact that none of the 21 female HC was positive for anti-FXa, it seems very unlikely that including extra women to make the groups sex-matched would have altered this significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Anti-factor Xa antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and their effects upon coagulation assays

Artim‐Esen¹,

Pericleous²,

Mackie³

et al. 2015

Arthritis Res Ther

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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and functional effects of antibodies directed against Factor (F)Xa and other serine proteases (SP) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).MethodsSerum from patients with APS (n = 59), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 106), other autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD; n = 63) and 40 healthy controls (HC) were tested for IgG activity against thrombin (Thr), FXa, FVIIa, phosphatidylserine (PS)/FXa and antithrombin (AT)-III by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-FXa positive IgG were purified to measure their avidity by chaotropic ELISA and functional effects upon clotting time (FXa-ACT) and FXa enzymatic activity (± AT-III).ResultsAnti-FXa IgG were found in patients with SLE (49.1%) and APS (33.9%) (P <0.05) but not in ARD controls and HC. In contrast, anti-Thr and anti-PS/FXa IgG were identified in other ARD and anti-FVIIa IgG were low in all groups. The avidity of APS-IgG to FXa was significantly higher than SLE-IgG (P <0.05). Greatest prolongation of FXa-ACT was observed with APS-IgG and greatest inhibitory effect upon FXa enzymatic activity was found with APS-IgG followed by SLE-IgG compared to HC-IgG. ATIII inhibition of FXa was significantly reduced by APS-IgG compared with HC and SLE (P <0.05) and did not correlate with binding to AT-III.ConclusionAPS anti-FXa IgG have higher avidity to FXa and greater effects upon the enzymatic and coagulant activity of FXa compared with SLE anti-FXa IgG. Further studies of anti-FXa antibodies in APS, SLE and other non-autoimmune thrombotic disease cohorts are now required to evaluate whether targeting FXa with selective inhibitors in patients bearing anti-FXa antibodies may be an effective treatment strategy.

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Antibody and immunoglobulin levels in aged humans

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Nutrition and immunity in the elderly

Nutrition and immunity in the elderly

Yogurt supplemented with probiotics can protect the healthy elderly from respiratory infections: A randomized controlled open-label trial

Anti-factor Xa antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and their effects upon coagulation assays

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