Antibody‐mediated crosslinking of gut bacteria hinders the spread of antibiotic resistance

Bansept, Florence; Marrec, Loïc; Bitbol, Anne-Florence; Loverdo, Claude

doi:10.1111/evo.13730

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The model is based on resistance being conferred by a chromosomal mutation, already existing in the resistant strain. It does not allow for new chromosomal mutations that could appear under sub-inhibitory antimicrobial levels and or evolutionary bottleneck effects due to the serial passage (e.g., Wahl and Gerrish, 2001;Bitbol, 2018, 2020;Bansept et al, 2019;Alexander and MacLean, 2020). The stochastic evolutionary bottlenecks are undoubtedly important when rare resistant mutations arise and when within-host dynamics are explored.…”

Section: Model Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between strain fitness and transmission frequency determines prevalence of antimicrobial resistance

et al. 2023

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The steep rise of infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial agents threatens global health. However, the association between antimicrobial use and the prevalence of resistance is not straightforward. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the importance of additional factors that affect this relationship. We theoretically explore how the prevalence of resistance is affected by the combination of three factors: antimicrobial use, bacterial transmission, and fitness cost of resistance. We present a model that combines within-host, between-hosts and between-populations dynamics, built upon the competitive Lotka-Volterra equations. We developed the model in a manner that allows future experimental validation of the findings with single isolates in the laboratory. Each host may carry two strains (susceptible and resistant) that represent the host’s commensal microbiome and are not the target of the antimicrobial treatment. The model simulates a population of hosts who are treated periodically with antibiotics and transmit bacteria to each other. We show that bacterial transmission results in strain co-existence. Transmission disseminates resistant bacteria in the population, increasing the levels of resistance. Counterintuitively, when the cost of resistance is low, high transmission frequencies reduce resistance prevalence. Transmission between host populations leads to more similar resistance levels, increasing the susceptibility of the population with higher antimicrobial use. Overall, our results indicate that the interplay between bacterial transmission and strain fitness affects the prevalence of resistance in a non-linear way. We then place our results within the context of ecological theory, particularly on temporal niche partitioning and metapopulation rescue, and we formulate testable experimental predictions for future research.

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Section: Model Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between strain fitness and transmission frequency determines prevalence of antimicrobial resistance

et al. 2023

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“…Metagenomics has provided the basis for limitless perusal of intensive understanding of the physiological processes governing the microbiota [70]. It has helped in paving innumerable future possibilities to counteract AMR [71–73] and which are crucial for the prevention of diseases and for disease management [74]. It has emerged as an indispensible tool for the diagnosis of diarrhea [75].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomics: aid to combat antimicrobial resistance in diarrhea

2019

Gut Pathog

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as an obstacle in the supple administration of antimicrobial agents to critical diarrheal patients. Most diarrheal pathogens have developed resistance against the major classes of antibiotics commonly used for assuaging diarrheal symptoms. Antimicrobial resistance develops when pathogens acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) through genetic recombination from commensals and pathogens. These are the constituents of the complex microbiota in all ecological niches. The recombination events may occur in the environment or in the gut. Containment of AMR can be achieved through a complete understanding of the complex and diverse structure and function of the microbiota. Its taxonomic entities serve as focal points for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants. Molecular methods complemented with culture-based diagnostics have been historically implemented to document these natural events. However, the advent of next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the field of molecular epidemiology. It has revolutionized the method of addressing relevant problems like diagnosis and surveillance of infectious diseases and the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Metagenomics is one such next-generation technique that has proved to be a monumental advancement in the area of molecular taxonomy. Current understanding of structure, function and dysbiosis of microbiota associated with antimicrobial resistance was realized due to its conception. This review describes the major milestones achieved due to the advent and implementation of this new technique in the context of antimicrobial resistance. These achievements span a wide panorama from the discovery of novel microorganisms to invention of translational value.

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“…It can also address more complex population structures [24, 46], e.g. motivated by within-host or between-host pathogen dynamics [47]. Our study can be extended beyond the regime of rare migrations [48], and to models of evolutionary game theory, as well as to diploid organisms [10, 21, 22, 49, 50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a universal model for spatially structured populations

Marrec

Lamberti

Bitbol

2020

Preprint

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Microbial populations often have complex spatial structures, with homogeneous competition holding only at a local scale. Population structure can strongly impact evolution, in particular by affecting the fixation probability of mutants. Here, we propose a model of structured microbial populations on graphs, where each node of the graph contains a well-mixed deme whose size can fluctuate, and where migrations are independent from birth and death events. We study analytically and numerically the mutant fixation probabilities in different structures, in the rare migration regime. In particular, we demonstrate that the star graph continuously transitions between amplifying and suppressing natural selection as migration rate asymmetry is varied. This elucidates the apparent paradox in existing constant-size models on graphs, where the star is an amplifier or a suppressor depending on the details of the dynamics or update rule chosen, e.g. whether each birth event precedes or follows a death event. The celebrated amplification property of the star graph for large populations is preserved in our model, for specific migration asymmetry. We further demonstrate a general mapping between our model and constant-size models on graphs, under a constraint on migration rates, which directly stems from assuming constant size. By lifting this constraint, our model reconciles and generalizes previous results, showing that migration rate asymmetry is key to determining whether a given population structure amplifies or suppresses natural selection.SummaryA key question in evolution is how likely a mutant is to take over. This depends on natural selection and on stochastic fluctuations. Compared to a well-mixed population, some spatial structures have been predicted to amplify or suppress the impact of natural selection. This can have a major impact on evolution, as well as applications in biotechnology, e.g. by facilitating selection in directed evolution of biomolecules. We introduce a model for complex structured populations that generalizes over existing ones by allowing population size to fluctuate. We demonstrate that whether a given population structure amplifies or suppresses selection strongly depends on the asymmetry of migration rates. Our results are universal in the sense that they do not depend on update rules.

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Antibody‐mediated crosslinking of gut bacteria hinders the spread of antibiotic resistance

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Interplay between strain fitness and transmission frequency determines prevalence of antimicrobial resistance

Interplay between strain fitness and transmission frequency determines prevalence of antimicrobial resistance

Metagenomics: aid to combat antimicrobial resistance in diarrhea

Toward a universal model for spatially structured populations

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