Antibody Mimics as Bio-orthogonal Catalysts for Highly Selective Bacterial Recognition and Antimicrobial Therapy

Abstract

Bacterial infectious diseases seriously threaten public health and life. The specific interaction between an antibody and its multivalent antigen is an attractive way to defeat infectious disease. However, due to the high expense and strict storage and applied conditions for antibodies, it is highly desirable but remains an urgent challenge for disease diagnosis and treatment to construct artificial antibodies with strong stability and binding ability and excellent selectivity. Herein, we designed and synthesized antibody-like bio-orthogonal catalysts with the ability to recognize specific bacteria and accomplish in situ drug synthesis in captured bacteria by using improved bacterial imprinting technology. On one hand, the artificial antibody possesses a matching morphology for binding pathogens, and on the other hand, it acts as a bio-orthogonal catalyst for in situ synthesis of antibacterial drugs in live bacteria. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that our designed antibody can distinguish and selectively bind to specific pathogens and eliminate them on site with the activated drugs. Therefore, our work provides a strategy for designing artificial antibodies with bio-orthogonal catalytic activity and may broaden the application of bio-orthogonal chemistry.

Greenificated Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Advanced Applications

“…[78] In this context, Qu et al designed shapeselective bio-orthogonal catalysts by covering the surfaces of bacteria with copper and carrying out an in situ encapsulation with a layer of silicon. [79] Subsequent calcination of the bacterial template then ultrasonic treatment provided hollow catalysts that enabled the capture of specific bacteria and accomplish in situ drug synthesis. These imprinted catalysts have been successfully used for the selective activation of antibacterial molecules at the sites of wounds to treat S. aureus and E. coli infections in vivo.…”

Nanosystems for Immune Regulation against Bacterial Infections: A Review

“…On the other hand, because of their distinct properties, nanosystems have shown great promise in antibacterial applications and brought new light to the widespread existence of AMR. − They can act as drug-delivery systems, improving the biodistribution and efficacy of the loaded antibiotics. − Certain nanosystems, such as silver nanoparticles, − zinc oxide nanoparticles, , and carbon-based nanomaterials, − have intrinsic antibacterial properties, providing a useful alternative to antimicrobial agents. Moreover, nanosystems have received growing attention in the regulation of immunity against bacterial infection.…”

Reusable and universal impedimetric sensing platform for the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria based on bacteria-imprinted polythiophene film

“…To overcome the difficulties mentioned above, various surface imprinting strategies such as stamping/microcontact, 33 Pickering emulsion polymerization, 34 colloidal imprinting, 35,36 and electro-polymerization 37 have been proposed. However, most of these are cumbersome, time-consuming, and environmentally unfriendly, using large amounts of toxic reagents such as cross-linkers, initiators, and organic solvents.…”

“…31 However, we have to acknowledge that the imprinting of whole bacterial cells is still very challenging due to their large size and complex chemical composition, leading to increased difficulty in the complete removal of the template, and the generation of imprinted sites with good accessibility and recognition capability. 32 To overcome the difficulties mentioned above, various surface imprinting strategies such as stamping/microcontact, 33 Pickering emulsion polymerization, 34 colloidal imprinting, 35,36 and electro-polymerization 37 have been proposed. However, most of these are cumbersome, time-consuming, and environmentally unfriendly, using large amounts of toxic reagents such as cross-linkers, initiators, and organic solvents.…”