Antibody Nanotweezer Constructing Bivalent Transistor–Biomolecule Interface with Spatial Tolerance

Abstract

Establishing a multivalent interface between the biointerface of a living system and electronic device is vital to building intelligent bioelectronic systems. How to achieve multivalent binding with spatial tolerance at the nanoscale remains challenging. Here, we report an antibody nanotweezer that is a selfadaptive bivalent nanobody enabling strong and resilient binding between transistor and envelope proteins at biointerfaces. The antibody nanotweezer is constructed by a DNA framework, where the nanoscale patterning of nanobodies along with their local spatial adaptivity enables simultaneous recognition of target epitopes without binding stress. As such, effective binding affinity increases by 1 order of magnitude compared with monovalent antibody. The antibody nanotweezer operating on transistor offers enhanced signal transduction, which is implemented to detect clinical pathogens, showing ∼100% overall agreement with PCR results. This work provides a perspective of engineering multivalent interfaces between biosystems with solid-state devices, holding great potential for organoid intelligence on a chip.

Sensitivity-Enhancing Strategies of Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Biomarker Detection

“…These integrated devices are designed to be self-powered, flexible, portable, ultrahigh sensitivity, selective, reusable, renewable, disposable, and cost-effective. The combination of microfluidics, microelectronics, and GFET in portable smart sensing devices holds great potential for on-site detection. , …”