Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19

Doria‐Rose, Nicole A.; Suthar, Mehul S.; Makowski, Mat; O’Connell, Sarah; McDermott, Adrian B.; Flach, Britta; Ledgerwood, Julie E.; Mascola, John R.; Graham, Barney S.; Lin, Bob C.; O’Dell, Sijy; Schmidt, Stephen D.; Widge, Alicia T.; Edara, Venkata Viswanadh; Anderson, Evan J.; Lai, Lilin; Floyd, Katharine; Rouphael, Nadine; Zarnitsyna, Veronika I.; Roberts, Paul C.; Makhene, Mamodikoe; Buchanan, Wendy; Luke, Catherine J.; Beigel, John H.; Jackson, Lisa A.; Neuzil, Kathleen M.; Bennett, Hamilton; Leav, Brett; Albert, Jim; Kunwar, Pratap

doi:10.1056/nejmc2103916

Cited by 664 publications

(682 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Secondly, we did not include immune decay in our model. Strong data support clinical effectiveness and lack of immune decay for the standard two dose regimen in a six month time period, 17 25 but evidence on clinical effectiveness and immune decay for a single dose of either the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine in this same time interval is more limited. This is an important consideration, especially with the rise of variants and concern about possible increased susceptibility in people who have received only a single dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health impact of delaying second dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccine: simulation agent based modeling study

Romero-Brufau

Chopra

Ryu

et al. 2021

BMJ

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Objective To estimate population health outcomes with delayed second dose versus standard schedule of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Design Simulation agent based modeling study. Setting Simulated population based on real world US county. Participants The simulation included 100 000 agents, with a representative distribution of demographics and occupations. Networks of contacts were established to simulate potentially infectious interactions though occupation, household, and random interactions. Interventions Simulation of standard covid-19 vaccination versus delayed second dose vaccination prioritizing the first dose. The simulation runs were replicated 10 times. Sensitivity analyses included first dose vaccine efficacy of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% after day 12 post-vaccination; vaccination rate of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 1% of population per day; assuming the vaccine prevents only symptoms but not asymptomatic spread (that is, non-sterilizing vaccine); and an alternative vaccination strategy that implements delayed second dose for people under 65 years of age, but not until all those above this age have been vaccinated. Main outcome measures Cumulative covid-19 mortality, cumulative SARS-CoV-2 infections, and cumulative hospital admissions due to covid-19 over 180 days. Results Over all simulation replications, the median cumulative mortality per 100 000 for standard dosing versus delayed second dose was 226 v 179, 233 v 207, and 235 v 236 for 90%, 80%, and 70% first dose efficacy, respectively. The delayed second dose strategy was optimal for vaccine efficacies at or above 80% and vaccination rates at or below 0.3% of the population per day, under both sterilizing and non-sterilizing vaccine assumptions, resulting in absolute cumulative mortality reductions between 26 and 47 per 100 000. The delayed second dose strategy for people under 65 performed consistently well under all vaccination rates tested. Conclusions A delayed second dose vaccination strategy, at least for people aged under 65, could result in reduced cumulative mortality under certain conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health impact of delaying second dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccine: simulation agent based modeling study

Romero-Brufau

Chopra

Ryu

et al. 2021

BMJ

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“…With the threat posed by SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants, questions have been raised on the efficacy and duration of immunity following natural infection 19,20 . Based on the protection provided by prior SARS-CoV-2 challenge against the heterologous SARS-CoV, our results suggest immunity is more complex than neutralizing serum titer alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 protects animals from lethal SARS-CoV challenge

Muruato

Johnson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic causing significant damage to public health and the economy. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of COVID-19 disease have been hampered by the lack of robust mouse models. To overcome this barrier, we utilized a reverse genetic system to generate a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2. Incorporating key mutations found in SARSCoV-2 variants, this model recapitulates critical elements of human infection including viral replication in the lung, immune cell infiltration, and significant in vivo disease. Importantly, mouse-adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 does not impair replication in human airway cells and maintains antigenicity similar to human SARS-CoV-2 strains. Utilizing this model, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infected mice are protected from lethal challenge with the original SARS-CoV, suggesting immunity from heterologous CoV strains. Together, the results highlight the utility of this mouse model for further study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease.

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“…Result of phase 3 clinical trial of mRNA-1273 showed 94.1% efficacy at preventing COVID-19 disease [50]. After a second dose of mRNA-1273, antibodies persisted for 6 months [73]. mRNA-1273 is currently in use as the "Moderna" vaccine (Figure 2C).…”

Section: Current Advances In Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery Routes for COVID-19 Vaccines

Park

Lee

2021

Vaccines

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The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has resulted in a pandemic with millions of deaths. To eradicate SARS-CoV-2 and prevent further infections, many vaccine candidates have been developed. These vaccines include not only traditional subunit vaccines and attenuated or inactivated viral vaccines but also nucleic acid and viral vector vaccines. In contrast to the diversity in the platform technology, the delivery of vaccines is limited to intramuscular vaccination. Although intramuscular vaccination is safe and effective, mucosal vaccination could improve the local immune responses that block the spread of pathogens. However, a lack of understanding of mucosal immunity combined with the urgent need for a COVID-19 vaccine has resulted in only intramuscular vaccinations. In this review, we summarize the history of vaccines, current progress in COVID-19 vaccine technology, and the status of intranasal COVID-19 vaccines. Future research should determine the most effective route for vaccine delivery based on the platform and determine the mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of different delivery routes.

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Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19

Cited by 664 publications

References 5 publications

Public health impact of delaying second dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccine: simulation agent based modeling study

Public health impact of delaying second dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccine: simulation agent based modeling study

Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 protects animals from lethal SARS-CoV challenge

Delivery Routes for COVID-19 Vaccines

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