Antibody Reactivity Against Thyroid Peroxidase and Myeloperoxidase in Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Systemic Vasculitis

Haapala, Anna‐Maija; Hyöty, Heikki; Parkkonen, Päivi; Mustonen, Jukka; Soppi, Esa

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-90.x

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…ID also lowers the activity of other heme-containing enzymes, such as cytochrome oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (3), and therefore one might speculate that women with ID develop antibodies against MPO more easily, leading to a cross-reaction with TPO-abs and subsequently explaining the higher prevalence of TAI (22). In a more recent paper, the cross-reactivity hypothesis could however not be confirmed (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Veltri¹,

Decaillet²,

Kleynen³

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Thyroid disorders and iron deficiency (ID) are associated with obstetrical and fetal complications. Iron is essential for the normal functioning of thyroid peroxidase (TPO-abs) and ID is frequent during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and dysfunction during the first trimester of pregnancy in women with and without ID. Design: Cross-sectional data analysis of 1900 pregnant women nested within an ongoing prospective collection of pregnant women's data. Method: The study was performed in a single, tertiary referral center. During the first antenatal visit, ferritin, TPO-abs, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T 4 (FT 4 ) were measured and age and BMI were recorded. ID was defined as ferritin <15 µg/L, TAI when TPO-abs was >60 kIU/L, and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) when TSH was >2.5 mIU/L. Results: ID was present in 35% of women. Age and BMI were comparable between both groups. In the ID group, the prevalence of TAI and SCH was significantly higher, compared with that in the non-ID group (10% vs 6% and 20% vs 16%; P = 0.011 and 0.049 respectively). Ferritin was inversely correlated with serum TSH (ρ = −0.076; P = 0.001) and positive with FT 4 levels (ρ = 0.112; P < 0.001). In the logistic regression model, ID remained associated with TAI after correction for confounding factors (P = 0.017). The association with SCH was absent after correction for the confounders in the logistic regression model (P = 0.082), but remained present in the linear regression model (P = 0.035). Conclusions: ID was frequent during the first trimester of pregnancy and was associated with a higher prevalence of TAI, higher serum TSH, and lower FT 4 levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Veltri¹,

Decaillet²,

Kleynen³

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Cross-reactivity of anti-TPO antibodies with lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase as has been shown by Rapoport and McLachlan, and some anti-TPO antibodies actually inhibited peroxidase activity (162). Anti-TPO antibodies could also cause direct effects on neutrophilic granulocytes since its cross-reactivity with myeloperoxidase was observed in a subgroup of patients with vasculitic disorders and AITDs (163). Another study, however, failed to identify cross-reactivity of anti-TPO antibodies from AITD patients with myeloperoxidase (164).…”

Section: Aitd and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Autoimmunity: Role of Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Thyroid and Extra-Thyroidal Diseases

2017

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Autoimmune diseases have a high prevalence in the population, and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common representatives. Thyroid autoantibodies are not only frequently detected in patients with AITD but also in subjects without manifest thyroid dysfunction. The high prevalence raises questions regarding a potential role in extra-thyroidal diseases. This review summarizes the etiology and mechanism of AITD and addresses prevalence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), and anti-thyroglobulin and their action outside the thyroid. The main issues limiting the reliability of the conclusions drawn here include problems with different specificities and sensitivities of the antibody detection assays employed, as well as potential confounding effects of altered thyroid hormone levels, and lack of prospective studies. In addition to the well-known effects of TSHR antibodies on fibroblasts in Graves’ disease (GD), studies speculate on a role of anti-thyroid antibodies in cancer. All antibodies may have a tumor-promoting role in breast cancer carcinogenesis despite anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies having a positive prognostic effect in patients with overt disease. Cross-reactivity with lactoperoxidase leading to induction of chronic inflammation might promote breast cancer, while anti-thyroid antibodies in manifest breast cancer might be an indication for a more active immune system. A better general health condition in older women with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies might support this hypothesis. The different actions of the anti-thyroid antibodies correspond to differences in cellular location of the antigens, titers of the circulating antibodies, duration of antibody exposure, and immunological mechanisms in GD and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

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“…Occupational exposures to factors such as silica (58) showed an association with ANCA vasculitis, while infections such as Yersinia enterocolitica or retroviruses have been postulated to participate in the pathogenesis of AITD (56). Eventually, cross-reactivity between TPO and MPO may be another mechanism involved in the development of autoimmunity, due to the strong homology between amino acids 586–601 of TPO and amino acids 594–609 of MPO (59, 60). …”

Section: Glomerular Disease Related To Aitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Glomerulopathies

et al. 2017

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Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is generally associated with hypothyroidism. It affects ~2% of the female population and 0.2% of the male population. The evidence of thyroid function- and thyroid autoantibody-unrelated microproteinuria in almost half of patients with AIT and sometimes heavy proteinuria as in the nephrotic syndrome point to a link of AIT with renal disease. The most common renal diseases observed in AIT are membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease, IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis, and amyloidosis. Different hypotheses have been put forward regarding the relationship between AIT and glomerulopathies, and several potential mechanisms for this association have been considered. Glomerular deposition of immunocomplexes of thyroglobulin and autoantibodies as well as the impaired immune tolerance for megalin (a thyrotropin-regulated glycoprotein expressed on thyroid cells) are the most probable mechanisms. Cross-reactivity between antigens in the setting of genetic predisposition has been considered as a potential mechanism that links the described association between ANCA vasculitis and AIT.

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Antibody Reactivity Against Thyroid Peroxidase and Myeloperoxidase in Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Systemic Vasculitis

Cited by 37 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Thyroid Autoimmunity: Role of Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Thyroid and Extra-Thyroidal Diseases

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Glomerulopathies

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