Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in children infected with pre-Omicron variants: An observational cohort study

Seery, Vanesa; Raiden, Silvina; Russo, Constanza; Borda, Mauricio; Herrera, Largión; Uranga, Macarena; Varese, Augusto; Pont, María Marcó del; Chirino, Carina; Erramuspe, Constanza; Álvarez, Laura Silvana; Lenoir, Melisa; Morales, Laura Daniela; Davenport, Carolina; Flores, Alexsa Alarcón; Auchter, Soledad Huespe; Ruiz, Yanina; Monsalvo, Liliana; Sastoque, Laura; Gavazzi, Magalí; Mazzitelli, Ignacio; Diego, Facundo Di; Longueira, Yésica; Mazzitelli, Bianca; Sananez, Inés; Carli, Norberto De; Biglione, Mirna; Penedo, Juan Martín Gómez; Ceballos, Ana; Laufer, Natalia; Ferrero, Fernando; Geffner, Jorge; Arruvito, Lourdes

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104230

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Furthermore, the breadth of recognition toward Spike VOCs and region of immunoreactivity within Spike RBD did not differ significantly across different age groups. Similar to other studies [7,15], our data show that humoral immunity generated from SARS-CoV-2 appears not to be compromised in children. Age-related differences in immunity are not accounted by humoral responses, alternatively, rapid elimination of the virus in children may be due to higher pre-activated innate immune system [44][45][46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In many countries vaccination rates remain higher in adults than in children, and with emerging viral variants, the risk of breakthrough infection is still highly relevant for children [14] Several studies have analysed the adaptive humoral response in children compared to adults and their results have observed varied of responses. A more robust and sustained response in children, in terms of antibody titers and neutralization to VOCs, was observed in some studies [15], whereas some other studies showed higher antibody titers alongside similar neutralization [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in children have been reported as milder compared to adults [7,11] Studies comparing the humoral response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection between children and adults have led to various results with suggestion of a weaker humoral immune response and reduced antibody breadth in children in some [7,40,41,42] whereas recent studies have shown that children IgG responses stabilized better and were maintained at higher level than adults over time [15,43]. In the current study, we observed that in inter-related and adults, humoral responses and their longevity were robust and similar between all age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection and vaccine induced Spike antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern in immune naïve children and adults

Pillay¹,

Yeola²,

Charabati³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A more efficient and effective adaptive humoral immune response has been proposed as the basis of the usually favourable outcome of paediatric COVID-19. The breadth of virus and vaccine immunogenicity towards the ever-mutating Spike protein amongst variants of concern (VOC) have not yet been compared between children and adults. We utilized molecular cloning and sensitive antibody detection against conformational Spike by flow cytometry to assess Spike antibodies and delineate the immunogenic region in immune naïve children and adults vaccinated by BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1, and naturally infected with Early Clade, Delta, and Omicron variants. Patient sera were analysed against SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigens including naturally occurring VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 variants of interest Epsilon, Kappa, Eta, D.2, and artificial Spike mutants. There was no notable difference between breadth and longevity of antibody responses generated against VOCs in children and adults. Vaccinated individuals displayed similar immunoreactivity profiles across variants to naturally infected individuals. Delta-infected patients had an enhanced immunogenicity toward Delta and some VOCs compared to patients infected by Early Clade SARS-CoV-2. Although Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 antibody levels were increased after Omicron infection in both children and adults, immunogenicity against Omicron subvariants was reduced. This decrease was observed across VOC infection, immunization, and age groups. Selected epistatically combined mutations led to an increase of immunogenicity in artificial Spikes, but were unable to compensate overall within Omicron. Our results reveal important molecular features central to the generation of high antibody titers and broad immunoreactivity that should be considered in future vaccine design and global serosurveillance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection and vaccine induced Spike antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern in immune naïve children and adults

Pillay¹,

Yeola²,

Charabati³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…These findings are in line with previous studies, conducted in small and non-population-based samples, showing that hybrid immunity can confer to antibodies a better neutralisation capacity. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] This study is the first to demonstrate the extent of hybrid immunity and neutralisation capacity in the general population in 2022. It is likely that we underestimated hybrid immunity and that its prevalence is higher than 51%, as anti-nucleocapsid antibodies wane quickly and we likely missed some infections that occurred before 2022.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Development of hybrid immunity during a period of high incidence of infections with Omicron subvariants: A prospective population based multi-region cohort study

Frei

Kaufmann

Amati

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Seroprevalence and the proportion of people with neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants was high in early 2022. Since it is unclear how immunity in the general population evolves, the aim of this study was to assess the development of functional and hybrid immunity in the general population during a period of high incidence of infections with Omicron variants. Methods This prospective population based multi-region cohort study is part of the Corona Immunitas research programme in Switzerland. In March 2022, we randomly selected individuals from the general population in southern (canton of Ticino) and north-eastern (canton of Zurich) Switzerland, who were assessed again in June/July 2022. We supplemented the June/July 2022 sample with a random sample from western Switzerland (canton of Vaud). We assessed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid proteins and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies against three variants (wildtype, Delta, Omicron). Findings In June/July 2022, seroprevalence was >98% in 2553 individuals from the general Swiss population. The proportion of individuals with neutralising antibodies against wildtype, Delta, and Omicron was 94.2%, 90.8%, and 84.9%, and at least 51% of the participants developed hybrid immunity. Individuals with hybrid immunity had, compared to those with only vaccine- or infection-induced immunity, highest levels of both, anti-spike IgG antibodies titres (4518 vs. 4304 vs. 269 WHO U/ml) and neutralisation capacity against wildtype (99.8% vs. 98% vs. 47.5%), Delta (99% vs. 92.2% vs. 38.7%), and Omicron (96.4% vs. 79.5% vs. 47.5%). Interpretation This first study on functional and hybrid immunity in the general population after Omicron waves showed that SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic. The high levels of antibodies and neutralization in the general populations support the emerging recommendations of some countries where booster vaccinations are still strongly recommended for vulnerable persons but less strongly recommended for individuals in the general population.

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“…For example, data have rarely been collected longitudinally throughout pandemic outbreaks, both before and after the launch of the vaccination campaign [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Moreover, several studies focused on specific sub-populations (e.g., healthcare workers [ 19 , 20 ], children [ 21 , 22 ], or blood donors [ 23 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Seroprevalence and Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Switzerland between July 2020 and July 2021: An Ongoing, Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study

Amati

Piumatti²,

Franscella

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic continues, and evidence on infection- and vaccine-induced immunity is key. We assessed COVID-19 immunity and the neutralizing antibody response to virus variants across age groups in the Swiss population. Study Design: We conducted a cohort study in representative community-dwelling residents aged five years or older in southern Switzerland (total population 353,343), and we collected blood samples in July 2020 (in adults only, N = 646), November–December 2020 (N = 1457), and June–July 2021 (N = 885). Methods: We used a previously validated Luminex assay to measure antibodies targeting the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of the virus and a high-throughput cell-free neutralization assay optimized for multiple spike protein variants. We calculated seroprevalence with a Bayesian logistic regression model accounting for the population’s sociodemographic structure and the test performance, and we compared the neutralizing activity between vaccinated and convalescent participants across virus variants. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.4–10.4) by July 2020 and 20.2% (16.4–24.4) by December 2020. By July 2021, the overall seroprevalence increased substantially to 72.5% (69.1–76.4), with the highest estimates of 95.6% (92.8–97.8) among older adults, who developed up to 10.3 more antibodies via vaccination than after infection compared to 3.7 times more in adults. The neutralizing activity was significantly higher for vaccine-induced than infection-induced antibodies for all virus variants (all p values < 0.037). Conclusions: Vaccination chiefly contributed to the reduction in immunonaive individuals, particularly those in older age groups. Our findings on the greater neutralizing activity of vaccine-induced antibodies than infection-induced antibodies are greatly informative for future vaccination campaigns.

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Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in children infected with pre-Omicron variants: An observational cohort study

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Infection and vaccine induced Spike antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern in immune naïve children and adults

Infection and vaccine induced Spike antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern in immune naïve children and adults

Development of hybrid immunity during a period of high incidence of infections with Omicron subvariants: A prospective population based multi-region cohort study

Trajectories of Seroprevalence and Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Switzerland between July 2020 and July 2021: An Ongoing, Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study

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