Antibody response to type‐common and type‐unique epitopes of herpes simplex virus polypeptides

Bernstein, David I.; Bryson, Yvonne J.; Lovett, Michael

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890150306

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The serologic assessment of the type-specific immune status of HSV infections has been hampered by the extensive typecross reactivity of HSV-specific antibodies [Honess et al, 1974;Ashley et al, 1993]. Due to the large number of viral proteins, most of which are conserved between the two virus types, the Western blot pattern is extremely complex, limiting widespread use [Ashley et al, 1985;Bernstein et al, 1985]. Recently, the antibody response to glycoprotein G has been demonstrated to be apparently entirely type-specific due primarily to the presence of a 526 amino-acid insertion in gG2 relative to gG1 [McGeoch et al, 1987].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on glycoprotein G

et al. 1997

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In order to develop a simple and quantitative method to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-specific antibodies, the usefulness of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using HSV glycoprotein G (gG) captured on a plate by monoclonal antibodies as antigen was studied. The gG1- and gG2-specific IgG antibody activities were measured by the ELISA for 54 sera which had been collected from culture-proven genital herpes patients and pre-characterized by an immunodot assay using purified gG antigens. Thirty control sera without antibodies against the HSV whole antigens were also included. In comparison with the immunodot assay as standard, the sensitivities of the ELISA were 88.9% (32/36) for HSV-1 antibody and 89.2% (33/37) for HSV-2 antibody and the specificities were both 100%. Sera taken within a few months after primary infection tended to give false negative results. The HSV type-specific ELISA based on easy-to-prepare gG antigens might be useful to help improve the serological assessment of HSV infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on glycoprotein G

et al. 1997

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“…Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has two genomically distinct types, designated HSV-1 and HSV-2, between which there is a considerable antigenic cross-reactivity [Eberle and Courtney, 1981;Bernstein et al, 1985;COrey and Spear, 19861. Therefore, a prior HSV-1 infection was thought to modify a subsequent HSV-2 infection in both human [Reeves et al, 1981;Corey and Holmes, 19831 and animal experiments [Bernstein et al, 19891.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of either endogenous recurrence or exogenous reinfection by resiriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of herpes simplex virus from patients with recrudescent genital herpes

Sakaoka

Aomori

Gouro³

et al. 1995

Journal of Medical Virology

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By using restriction endonuclease (RE) cleavage analysis, either endogenous recurrence or exogenous reinfection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was clarified in 45 male and 20 female subjects with recrudescent genital herpes. All of the plural (two to ten) isolates from 63 (205 isolates) out of 65 subjects (97%) were HSV-2. Two isolates from only one of 65 subjects (1.5%) were HSV-1, and they showed the same RE profile. In addition, an HSV-1 and five HSV-2 isolates were obtained from the remaining one female patient (1.5%), indicating that an exogenous HSV-1 strain has been reinfected during HSV-2 recrudescences. HSV-2 isolates were furthermore classified into genotypes of HSV-2 using 16 different RE markers with five REs. Two hundred and ten HSV-2 isolates from 64 subjects were classified into 27 distinct genotypes, in which some predominant genotypes and seven new genotypes were found. Plural HSV-2 isolates obtained from 63 out of 64 subjects, including one subject from whom an HSV-1 and five HSV-2 strains were isolated, were classified into the same genotypes, indicating that they may be regarded as recrudescent genital herpes by the reactivation of the same endogenous strain. However, the RE profiles of two HSV-2 strains from the remaining one subject were different. Thus, it was finally found that only two out of 65 subjects (3%) were reinfected with exogenous strains. These results lead to the conclusion that almost all recrudescent genital herpes are due to the reactivation of an initially infected HSV-2 strain, and are occasionally due to reinfection with distinct HSV strains of either the same or a different type.

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“…Most immune sera from HSV-infected individuals react with 12 to 20 viral polypeptides in immunoblots. The envelope glycoproteins gB, gD, gC, gE, and gG, the major capsid protein VP5, and the nucleocapsid complex p40 have been identified as primary targets of IgG antibody responses in patients with HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 infections (2,5,13,14,38). The B virus's homology to HSV-1 (79.9% amino acid identity for gB, 57% identity for gD, 49.9% identity for gC, 46% identity for gE, and 29.2% identity for gG [42]) suggests that the specificity of B virus-induced antibody responses is similar to that of responses induced by HSV types 1 and 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Production of Herpes B Virus Recombinant Glycoproteins and Evaluation of Their Diagnostic Potential

et al. 2005

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B virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) is the only deadly alphaherpesvirus that is zoonotically transmissible from macaques to humans. The detection of humoral immune responses is the method of choice for the rapid identification of B virus-infected animals. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of recombinant B virus glycoproteins for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in monkey and human sera. Glycoproteins B, C, and E and secreted (sgG) and membrane-associated (mgG) segments of glycoprotein G (gG) were expressed in the baculovirus expression system, while gD was expressed in CHO cells. We developed recombinant protein-based IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and compared their diagnostic efficacies by using B virus antibody-negative (n ‫؍‬ 40) and -positive (n ‫؍‬ 75) macaque sera identified by a whole antigenbased ELISA and Western blotting. The diagnostic sensitivities of the gB-, gC-, gD-, and mgG-ELISAs were 100, 97.3, 88.0, and 80.0%, respectively. The specificities of the gB-, gC-, and gD-ELISAs and of the mgG-ELISA were 100 and 97.5%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivities and specificities of sgG-and gE-ELISAs were low, suggesting that sgG and gE are less effective diagnostic antigens. Sera from nonmacaque monkeys crossreacted with gB, gC, and gD, and only baboon sera reacted weakly with mgG. Human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-and HSV-2-positive sera pools reacted with gB and gD, whereas sera from B virus-infected individuals reacted with all four antigens. These data indicate that gB, gC, gD, and mgG have a high diagnostic potential for B virus serodiagnosis in macaques, whereas mgG may be a valuable antigen for discrimination between antibodies induced by B virus and those induced by other, closely related alphaherpesviruses, including HSV-1 and -2.Human infection with B virus (also called cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, monkey B virus, and herpes B virus) is the most feared occupational hazard among individuals working with macaque monkeys, since fatality is often the outcome of infection, which proceeds in the absence of effective antiviral therapy (25,56). The use of macaques in research has been steadily growing over the last decade and is expected to rise quickly in the near future due to the increasing demands for these animals for use in HIV/AIDS investigations, vaccine trials, drug testing, and research into bioterrorism agents. As macaque usage increases, frequencies of human exposures to B virus are increasing as well. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tests are urgently needed to aid in the early identification of clinical cases, which is essential for a timely initiation of antiviral therapies in zoonotically infected humans. In addition to human diagnostics, enhanced assays are required for monitoring specific-pathogen-free (SPF) macaque colonies established by the National Institutes of Health for the breeding of B virusfree animals (55), as these animals often demonstrate only very low levels of antibody.Unfortunately, a direct diagnosis of infectio...

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Antibody response to type‐common and type‐unique epitopes of herpes simplex virus polypeptides

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Detection of herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on glycoprotein G

Detection of herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on glycoprotein G

Demonstration of either endogenous recurrence or exogenous reinfection by resiriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of herpes simplex virus from patients with recrudescent genital herpes

Production of Herpes B Virus Recombinant Glycoproteins and Evaluation of Their Diagnostic Potential

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