Antibody to virus components in volunteers experimentally infected with human coronavirus 229E group viruses

Abstract

Antibody rises to various virus subcomponents were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in the paired sera of volunteers experimentally infected with human coronavirus 229E group viruses. Most of the antibody made during infection was directed against the virus surface projections, with only small amounts of antibody made against membrane or ribonucleoprotein components.

Antigenicity of mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 subcomponents in C57 strain mice

“…Table 1 shows typical ELISA absorbance values obtained for sera taken 14 days after immunisation. For all these sera the ratios of postinoculation to preinoculation serum absorbance values at the same antigen and serum dilutions were sigTfficantly over 2, indicating that specific antibodies had developed (9,10,14). Thus, both virus particles and subcomponents elicited a significant antibody response.…”

“…Sucrose-gra~tient-purified virus particles were d i s r u p t e d at, 21 ° C with 1 p e r cent N o n i d e t P 4 0 in P B S A a n d layered on to either 10 to 55 per cent (w/w) or 25 to 65 per cent (w/w) sucrose gradients in P B S A a n d centrifuged for 16 hours a t 90,000 × g at 4 ° C. S u b c o m p o n e n t peaks were located at 1.13 g/ml in 10 to 55 per cent (w/w) sucrose gradients a n d at 1.23 a n d 1.27 g/ml in 25 to 65 per cent (w/w) sucrose gradients as described previously for H C V 229E (14).…”

“…Purified M H V 3 particles were obtained from sucrose density gradients as described previously (12). Subviral components were obtained b y centrifuging N o n i d e t P 4 0 disrupted M H V 3 particles on sucrose density gradients in a similar w a y to t h a t described previously for t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of HCV 229E subcomponents (14). Surface projections were isolated on 10--55 per cent (w/w) sucrose d e n s i t y gradients at 1.13 g/ml, a n d m e m b r a n e a n d R N P fractions were isolated on 25--65 per cent (w/w) sucrose gradients a t 1.23 and 1.27 g/ml respectively.…”

“…~.. comprising the ribonucleoprotein (]~NP) (12,21,25). Several reports have described the separation of some or all of the subviral components of MHV A59 (22) and other coronaviruses (4,6,14,18) by disruption of virus particles with ~Nonidet P40 or Triton X 100.…”

Coronaviruses

“…ELISA assays have been also developed for detecting antibodies to coronaviruses [ 82 , 83 ] and have been used to investigate the epidemiology of coronavirus infections [ 84 ]. The elicited antibodies detected by ELISA predominantly react with the viral surface proteins rather than the ribonucleoprotein [ 85 ], and infections of 229E-and OC43-like viruses can be distinguished in ELISA assays [ 86 ]. ELISA has been used to study the seroprevalence of HKU1, showing an increase from 0 % in age <10 years old to a plateau of 21.6 % in the age group of 31-40 years old [ 87 ].…”