Anticancer Activity of Cordia dichotoma against a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines and Their Phytochemical Profiling via HPLC and GCMS

Abstract

The current study was conducted to examine the in vitro anticancer potential of Cordia dichotoma (bark, leaves, pulp and seed). The plant material was collected from UT of J&K and methodical bioassays were carried out on ten human cancer cell lines (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), M.D. Anderson-Metastatic Breast (MDA-MB-231), Neuroblastoma-2a (N2A), SH-SY5Y, U-251, HCT-116, SW-620, A-549, MIA PaCa-2, Panc-1) from five different origins (breast, CNS, colon, lung, pancreas) respectively. Methanolic extracts were produced and fractions were then obtained from the extracts and evaluated for cytotoxicity. Mechanistic assays, HPLC, and GCMS profiling were performed on the highest active fraction. The Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay determined the in vitro cytotoxicity. The findings revealed that the bark portion had in vitro cytotoxicity against the A-549 human lung cancer cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the plant’s bark has anticancer properties and induced chromatin condensation, confirmed cell death via ROS generation, and significantly decreased colony formation in A-549 cell line from lung origin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HPLC and GCMS investigations indicated the presence of a number of bioactive molecules such as gallic acid (144,969.86) uV*sec, caffeic acid (104.26) uV*sec, ferulic acid (472.87) uV*sec, vanillic acid (13,775.39) uV*sec, palmitic acid (18.34%), cis vaccenic acid (28.81%), etc. and one of the compounds was reported for the first time from the bark. As a result of its promising efficacy, it may become an essential cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic medication for patients with lung carcinoma.

Phytochemical Analysis and Profiling of Antitumor Compounds of Leaves and Stems of Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb.

“…Interestingly, these compounds were found in significant amounts in the methanol extract from the leaves and stems of C. silvatica, except cis -5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, which was only detected in the leaves. c is -Vaccenic acid and trans -13-octadecenoic acid were also reported to have antitumor properties [ 33 , 34 ]. Importantly, cis -vaccenic (RA = 38.32%) and trans -13-octadecenoic acid (RA = 25.06%) ( Table 1 and Figure 1 ) were found in the leaves and stems, respectively, in a greater amount than other detected compounds of methanol extract from C. silvatica ( Table 1 and Figure 1 ).…”

Antitumoral properties of the pomegranate peel and blueberry extracts against tongue carcinoma (in vitro study)

“…Generally, the results can be different from one cancer type to another even though they have many common features, though each single cancer type has its own proliferation and invasion pathway. It has been demonstrated that different outcomes of different cell line types even with treatment of the same preparation of extract ( Lamdan et al, 2020 , Keta et al, 2020 , Raina et al, 2022 ).…”

Thymus zygis, Valuable Antimicrobial (In Vitro and In Situ) and Antibiofilm Agent with Potential Antiproliferative Effects

“…Therefore, the discovery of new and effective sources of natural constituents has attracted the attention of the scientific community, despite the recent progress in the synthesis of new anticancer agents [10]. This fact is confirmed by studies revealing that naturally occurring compounds such as terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids exert significant antitumor potential [11].…”