Anticancer activity of diterpenes and steroids from Eunicella singularis against two- and threedimensional breast cancer cell models

Secondary Metabolites from Gorgonian Corals of the Genus Eunicella: Structural Characterizations, Biological Activities, and Synthetic Approaches

“…Among all metabolites isolated from gorgonian soft corals, those belonging to the class of terpenoids exhibited the most significant activities (IC 50 values lower than 5 µg/mL) when assayed in vitro against tumor cell lines [4]. Diterpenes make up to 65% of all published metabolites from gorgonian natural resources [19]. Eunicella sp.…”

“…More than 40 eunicellan-type diterpenes have been isolated from gorgonians so far. However, few studies have also included evaluation of the biological activity of these compounds [8,19]. The first such metabolite was isolated in 1968 by Kennard et al, named eunicellin (1), having four acetyl groups attached to cladiellane skeleton ( Figure 3) [25].…”

“…From 2013 to 2017, Deghrigue's group and Ioannou's group conducted thorough studies on E. singularis and Eunicella cavolini comprising preliminary biological evaluation of the organic extracts and fractions. It was found that the polar fractions show anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials, as well as anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer cells MCF-7 and prostate cancer cells LNCaP, indicating the presence of novel bioactive compounds [19,[29][30][31][32]. The organic extracts of the coral were prepared by maceration and were examined for the presence of several class of compounds, i.e., polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides by qualitative chemical From 2013 to 2017, Deghrigue's group and Ioannou's group conducted thorough studies on E. singularis and Eunicella cavolini comprising preliminary biological evaluation of the organic extracts and fractions.…”

“…The organic extracts of the coral were prepared by maceration and were examined for the presence of several class of compounds, i.e., polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides by qualitative chemical From 2013 to 2017, Deghrigue's group and Ioannou's group conducted thorough studies on E. singularis and Eunicella cavolini comprising preliminary biological evaluation of the organic extracts and fractions. It was found that the polar fractions show anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials, as well as anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer cells MCF-7 and prostate cancer cells LNCaP, indicating the presence of novel bioactive compounds [19,[29][30][31][32]. The organic extracts of the coral were prepared by maceration and were examined for the presence of several class of compounds, i.e., polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides by qualitative chemical screening tests based on visible chemical change [29,31].…”

“…There have been several reports on isolation, characterization, and biological evaluation of various steroids from members of the Eunicella genus with unique structural features. These molecules differ in their degrees of oxygenation, as well as side chain patterns, which could be the reason for their miscellaneous activity, both in vitro and in vivo [19,[30][31][32][33][34][35].…”