Anticancer, Antibacterial, and Phytochemicals Derived From Extract of Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult. Grown Naturally in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult. (Amaranthaceae family) has many pharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to determine the anticancerous effect of A. javanica methanol extract (AJME) on breast cancer cell lines and prostate cancer cell lines. The antibacterial potency of A. javanica solvent extracts was tested against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella flexneri. A screening of five concentrations of A. javanica was done on prostate and breast cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The results showed that AJME had various levels of cytotoxicity toward both cancer cell lines. A significant decrease in the rate of cancer cells was associated with a higher concentration of the plant extract. The half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 value was 4.50 lg/ml for the breast cancer cells and 14.51 lg/ml for the prostate cancer cells. The dried and fresh solvent extracts made with methanol and chloroform demonstrated maximum potency against all the tested pathogenic microbes. The petroleum ether and acetone extracts showed moderate activity, while the diethyl ether and hot water extracts had the lowest antibacterial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis showed that AJME had various chemical compounds that have many biological benefits. In conclusion, A. javanica is a promising candidate as a natural herb to treat cancers, more so in breast cancer than in prostate cancer, and it has potential as an antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant microbes.

Yield and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Essential Oil from Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schul. Flower with Special Emphasis on Seasonal Changes

“…Our results show that the A. javanica flowers' EO is a rich source of potential hydrocarbons, and supporting the results published by Samejo et al [12] and Samejo et al [13]. Our results are justifying the rich ethnomedicinal applications of flowers [14,15]. Angustione is a ketone reported to have antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral (anti-HIV) biological activity [16].…”

Saudi Arabian Plants: A Powerful Weapon against a Plethora of Diseases

“…The potent activity was related to the active components of S. persica, including flavonoids, salvadorine, alkaloids, cyanogenic, salvadourea, glycosides, and tannins, which are known to possess strong antimicrobial activity [131][132][133]. Methanolic extracts from the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit of Conocarpus erectus L. and the leaves of Aerva javanica exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus, and the acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium phlei [134][135][136]. Furthermore, the methanolic extracts of Mentha × piperita and Mentha longifolia populations grown in northern SA showed that M. × piperita contained the flavonoids naringin 328.8 mg/100 g DW, cynaroside 162.8 mg/100 g DW, and higher phenolic acid content than M. longifolia: rosmarinic acid 1547.6 mg/100 g DW, cryptochlorogenic acid 91.7 mg/100 g DW, and chlorogenic acid 69.4 mg/100 g DW.…”

Amaranthaceae plants of Israel and Palestine: Medicinal activities and unique compounds

“…Each extract was tested against 4 bacteria species, and methanolic extract was most active. 187 Whole plant was extracted with acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, and essential oil was also prepared. All products were tested against several species of bacteria and fungi.…”