Anticancer Effect of dl-Glyceraldehyde and 2-Deoxyglucose in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice and Their Effect on Liver, Kidney and Haematological Parameters

Abstract

Cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect). Compounds that inhibit glycolysis have potential applications in cancer treatment. dl-glyceraldehyde (DLG) and 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) have been proven effective in the inhibition of glucose metabolism. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) in 10-12 weeks old Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20 and 30 g. The anticancer activity of DLG and 2-DG were determined by tumor volume, tumor weight, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, average survival time, percentage increase in life span and tumor inhibition ratio. The blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis after 9 days of treatment to study the effect on liver, kidney and haematological parameters. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney was also performed. One-way ANOVA test and Dunnett's test were used for comparisons of parameters in study groups. Both DLG and 2-DG individually decreased the tumor weight, tumor volume, viable tumor cell count and significantly increased the life span of treated mice, however the combination was found to be better. The biochemical parameters of liver and kidney functions and haematological parameters were restored close to control group as compared with the EAC bearing mice. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney in EAC control group showed large areas of necrosis, congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration but such changes were not observed in liver and kidney sections observed after i.p injection of DLG and 2-DG for 9 days. Improvement was much better in the group where combination of these two drugs were used.

Effect of Theobroma cacao L. on the Efficacy and Toxicity of Doxorubicin in Mice Bearing Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma

“…Spotty necrosis, venous congestion, sinusoidal congestion, inflammation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia serve as indicators of hepatic tissue damage [ 58 , 59 ]. In the present and previous studies, similar histopathological findings have also been identified in both EAC mice [ 60 ] and doxorubicin-treated animals [ 61 ]. However, in this study, animals treated with DOX alone did not show any improvement in spotty necrosis but showed reduced venous congestion, sinusoidal congestion, and inflammation.…”

Subcutaneous Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mice model for studying cancer-induced cardiomyopathy

“…EAC cells were maintained in male BALB/c mice. EAC cells were passaged as per the standard protocols 45 . Briefly 1 ml of sterile PBS was injected in peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice to dilute the liquid tumor.…”

The Possible Hepatoprotective Role of Clay Nanoparticles on the Effectiveness of Anticancer Drug in Ehrlich-induced Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

“…Histopathology examination of liver in group 3 (EAC+DOX) indicated sinusoidal blockage and mononuclear cells invasion, however, aggregated/degenerated hepatocytes were lower in the EAC group. There was no corruption, metastatic foci or EAC attack in the liver while in group 4 (EAC+DOX+MMT), there was a mild sinusoidal blockage, moderate vacuolation, and mononuclear cell penetration, yet seriousness was little compared to the EAC group [49]. Mice treated with DOX showed degeneration of hepatocytes with pyknosis and karyolysis of their nuclei.…”

“…EAC infused in mice significantly raised serum levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin though levels of serum albumin and total protein declined significantly compared to the control mice, suggesting compromised liver function [49]. The total protein levels are decreased in hepatotoxic conditions as consequences of modification in the protein, lipid, carbohydrate or perturbed protein biosynthesis in the cirrhotic liver [50].…”