Anticancer potential of myricetin bulk and nano forms in vitro in lymphocytes from myeloma patients

Abstract

Evading apoptosis and chemo-resistance are considered as very important factors which help tumour progression and metastasis. Hence, to overcome chemo-resistance, there is an urgent requirement for emergence of more effective treatment options. Myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is present in various plant-derived foods and shows antitumour potential in different cancers. In the present in vitro study, results from the comet assay demonstrated that myricetin bulk (10 µM) and nano (20 µM) forms exhibited a non-significant level of genotoxicity in lymphocytes from multiple myeloma patients when compared to those from healthy individuals. Western blot results showed a decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and an increase in P53 protein levels in lymphocytes from myeloma patients, but not in lymphocytes from healthy individuals. A significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species level was also observed, suggesting that regulation of apoptotic proteins triggered by myricetin exposure in lymphocytes from myeloma patients occurred through P53 and oxidative stress-dependent pathways. The potency of myricetin against lymphocytes from myeloma patients marks it a potential candidate to be considered as an alternative to overcome chemo-resistance in cancer therapies.

Myricetin: A Significant Emphasis on Its Anticancer Potential via the Modulation of Inflammation and Signal Transduction Pathways

“…In addition, western blot results showed that lymphocytes from myeloma patients had higher p53 protein levels and lower Bcl-2/Bax ratios than did lymphocytes from healthy people. The regulation of apoptotic proteins activated by myricetin exposure in lymphocytes of myeloma patients occurred via P53 as well as oxidative stress-dependent pathways, as evidenced by the notable increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species level [115].…”

“…Comet assay demonstrated that myricetin bulk (10 µM) and nano (20 µM) forms exhibited a non-significant level of genotoxicity in lymphocytes from multiple myeloma patients when compared to those from healthy individuals. [115] Brain cancer 0, 15, 60 and 120 µM increasing doses of myricetin, led to dose-dependent increase in Bax and Bad levels and a dose-dependent decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression levels [116] 0-150 µM…”

Myricetin: A comprehensive review on its biological potentials

“…Alpha-2,6-Sialyltransferase 5 genes (ST6GALNAC5) and MDA-Mb-231Br cells in concentration-dependent manner and in animal model when treated with 50 mg/kg dose (Ci et al, 2018). In recent study by IL-6, NF-κB, and PCNA (Akhtar et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2017). Jung et al (2017) explored that oral administration of myricetin (50 mg/kg/day) in experimental mice for 21 days found increased aerobic capability via enhancing the distance and running time and mitochondrial functions via activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) and SIRT1.…”

“…Myricetin has been found a significant inhibitor of migration, invasion, and adhesion and could reduce the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐2/9) activities and mRNA levels of ST6 N‐Acetylgalactosaminide Alpha‐2,6‐Sialyltransferase 5 genes (ST6GALNAC5) and MDA‐Mb‐231Br cells in concentration‐dependent manner and in animal model when treated with 50 mg/kg dose (Ci et al., 2018 ). In recent study by Zhang and colleagues, myricetin induced the suppression of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of (AOM/DSS)‐induced colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis, reduction of size of colorectal polyps, and inflammatory factors IL‐1β, TNF‐α, p‐NF‐κB, IL‐6, NF‐κB, and PCNA (Akhtar et al., 2021 ; Zhang et al., 2018 ; Zheng et al., 2017 ).…”

Bioactive Compounds from Herbal Medicine Targeting Multiple Myeloma

“…Akhtar et al [243] showed that bulk and nano forms of myrcetin showed an insignificant genotoxicity level in the lymphocytes of MM patients compared to those of healthy ones. This effect was induced by altering the Bcl-2 expressions.…”