Anticardiolipin Testing

Pierangeli, Silvia S.

doi:10.1007/1-84628-009-5_23

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The role of LA in arterial thrombosis is generally acknowledged, however the part played by ACA is still debatable (Pierangeli et al, 2000). This is in agreement with our observation that the prevalence of both LA and ACA assumed statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) only when considered together and not in disparate form.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antiphospholipid antibodies in acute cardiac attacks

Al-Ajlan¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Cardiovascular diseases have prevailed all over the world in the last few decades. Mortality and morbidity rates due to myocardial infarction (MI) and angina pectoris (AP) increased and affect younger ages in the present days. There are very few studies that have been carried out to define the prevalence of antiphospholipids (APLs) as a marker to help the people at risk in Saudi Arabia. The objective of our study was to examine the antiphospholipid antibodies levels on plasma including anticardiolipin antibody (

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antiphospholipid antibodies in acute cardiac attacks

Al-Ajlan¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…12 The type and number of coagulation tests were recorded. The diagnosis of anticardiolipin antibodies followed the criteria set by several international workshops (reviewed by Pierangeli et al 13 ). We noted the anticardiolipin antibody isotype(s), whether the normal cutoff was used, and how it was expressed (ie, the number of standard deviations above the mean of controls, the multiple of the mean, the tertile, or quartile).…”

Section: Assessment Of Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies expressed anticardiolipin antibodies in GPL and MPL units, 1 unit being equivalent to 1 g of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (for GPL) or IgM (for MPL) anticardiolipin antibody purified from 1 mL of serum. 13 In view of the current lack of standardization of coagulation tests and immunoassays, the decision to include or exclude a study did not take into account the method used to detect antiphospholipid antibodies. …”

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confidence: 99%

Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature

Galli

Luciani

Bertolini

et al. 2003

Blood

896

598

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To formally establish the risk of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies for arterial and venous thrombosis, we ran a MEDLINE search of the literature from 1988 to 2000. Studies were selected for their case-control (11), prospective (9), cross-sectional (3), and ambispective (2) design. They provided or enabled us to calculate the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) of lupus anticoagulants and/or anticardiolipin antibodies for thrombosis in 4184 patients and 3151 controls. Studies were grouped according to the antibody investigated. Five studies compared lupus anticoagulants with anticardiolipin antibodies: the odds ratio with 95% CI of lupus anticoagulants for thrombosis was always significant. None of them found anticardiolipin antibodies were associated with thrombosis. Four studies analyzed only lupus anticoagulants: the odds ratio with 95% CI was always significant. The risk of lupus anticoagulants was independent of the site and type of thrombosis, the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus, and the coagulation tests employed to detect them. Sixteen studies served to assess 28 associations between anticardiolipin antibodies and thrombosis: the odds ratio with 95% CI was significant in 15 cases. Anticardiolipin titer correlated with the odds ratio of thrombosis. In conclusion, the detection of lupus anticoagulants and, possibly, of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anticardiolipin antibodies at medium or high titers helps to identify patients at risk for thrombosis. However, to take full advantage of the conclusions provided by the available evidence, there is an urgent need to harmonize investigational methods. IntroductionAntiphospholipid antibodies are a heterogeneous family of immunoglobulins that includes, among others, lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies. Lupus anticoagulants behave as acquired inhibitors of coagulation, prolonging phospholipid-dependent in vitro coagulation tests, 1 and anticardiolipin antibodies are measured by immunoassay, utilizing cardiolipin or other anionic phospholipids in solid phase. 2 Despite their name, antiphospholipid antibodies do not recognize phospholipids, but plasma proteins bound to suitable anionic (not necessarily phospholipid) surfaces. Among these, ␤ 2 -glycoprotein I 3,4 and prothrombin 5 are the most widely investigated antigenic targets. Most anticardiolipin antibodies need ␤ 2 -glycoprotein I to react with cardiolipin in immunoassays. 4 Specific subgroups of anti-␤ 2 -glycoprotein I 6 and antiprothrombin 7 antibodies are responsible for the lupus anticoagulant activity in phospholipid-dependent coagulation tests. Clinical interest in antiphospholipid antibodies is due to their relation with arterial and venous thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Two forms of antiphospholipid syndrome have been described: a "primary" syndrome, 8 with no evidence of an underlying disease, and a "secondary" syndrome, mainly in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus. 9 Thromboembolic events are reported in approximately one third of a...

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“…The aCL antibodies are autoantibodies directed against anionic phospholipids or protein-phospholipid complexes, measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using cardiolipin as substrate [36]. The diagnosis of APS is based on the demonstration of a moderate-to-high positive aCL test (> 40 IgG aCL units).…”

Section: Anticardiolipin Antibody Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The newer tests might be used to confirm APS in patients in the following situations [36]: 1) patients with the definite clinical criteria who are low positive (< 40 units) IgG aCL, or only IgM or IgA aCL positive; 2) patients with indefinite clinical APS criteria, or those in whom definite features may be attributed to factors other than APS; and 3) patients negative for aCL and LA but with clinical features that are suggestive of APS (antiphospholipid antibody-negative syndrome).…”

Section: Anticardiolipin Antibody Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lupus vasculitis: Differential diagnosis with antiphospholipid syndrome

Golan

2002

Curr Rheumatol Rep

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The inflammatory process of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) vasculitis occurs in up to 56% of patients with SLE, whereas the vaso-occlusive incidence of antiphospholipid syndrome in SLE (which is not exclusive of SLE vasculitis) reaches up to 15%. Both situations can be life-threatening, requiring the appropriate therapeutic approach. Aggressive anti-inflammatory therapy is used in the case of SLE vasculitis and aggressive antithrombotic/anticoagulant treatment in the other. However, often the differential diagnosis between the two entities is difficult to achieve, especially when a tissue biopsy to help establish the diagnosis is topographically difficult to obtain or is clinically contraindicated. Such situations are discussed and appropriate guidelines for a correct diagnosis suggested.

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Anticardiolipin Testing

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Antiphospholipid antibodies in acute cardiac attacks

Antiphospholipid antibodies in acute cardiac attacks

Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature

Lupus vasculitis: Differential diagnosis with antiphospholipid syndrome

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